Today the young beautiful girl, Rukmani who was 23 years old at that time, is now 61 years. She lives alone in her house in the Chandralok, BT College, area. She is surrounded by her sister, brothers and sister in laws, relatives and friends. Life goes on, a normal life to look at from outside. Only she herself knows the pain and ordeal she has suffered hiding the sadness of a lost youth because she had the courage to face the bullets on that fateful July day.

On that terrible day of 27th July 1986, many people lost their lives in the police shooting at Thana Dara (Police Station crossing) on the Main Road, at the Engine Ghar at 9th Mile, and elsewhere in Kalimpong. She was participating in the julus (protest procession) organised as the Gorkhaland demand led by Mr. Subash Ghising’s GNLF party under the program of Gorkhaland statehood demand movement. The agenda of the day was to be the symbolic burning of the 7th clause of the 1950 Indo-Nepal Friendship Treaty.

During the unprovoked firing by the CRPF stationed at the Thana Dara crossing into the oncoming peaceful procession several people dropped dead on the spot. Young Rukmani Chettri was hit by bullet shrapnels that pierced the side of her face and entered into her neck area. She fell bleeding onto the ground. In a matter of a few minutes, the dead were strewn on the street. There was panic amongst the agitators and blood was splashed everywhere on the road. Someone found her laying unconscious, and took her, along with others, dead or wounded, to the sadar hospital.

As her treatment was not successful here in Kalimpong, after some days, with the help of Kalpana Rana Gurumajue, she was treated in Delhi, and there pieces of bullets and metal fragments were removed from inside her cheek, jaws and neck area.

Currently, she suffers from hearing problems and has been suffering from a ringing sound in the ears. She also has trouble swallowing and solid food gets stuck in her throat while eating.

In the passion of her youth devoted to the cause of her people, who willingly entered the struggle for the freedom of Gorkhaland, she narrowly cheated death but suffered for years afterwards under the grip of an unjust regime. The WB government imposed 9 different false cases against her. She was booked for sedition, rioting and even of police murder. Entangled in these legal cases she stayed hidden for two and a half years. Finally she surrendered to the authorities, was arrested and spent 3 months in jail before being released and the cases against her dismissed.

Not only has she spent a life of trauma after that fateful day, 38 years ago, she has paid the price for her boldness and courage very dearly. She carries the scars and disabilities from the bullet wounds quietly as a badge of honour. Rukmani has never flouted the sacrifices she has made, looked for recognition or compensation.

A procession of, the so called, political leaders have come and gone in the hills. Even after the local bodies like DGHC and now GTA has been ruling in the hills for more than 3 decades, but no one has looked for her in all these years. Many Saheed Diwas have been celebrated in Kalimpong but Rukmani is never remembered. Perhaps she regrets that she did not herself become a martyr on that day. At least she would have received the recognition like the others who died on that day and her name would be etched internally in the list of Gorkhaland martyrs.

Today, 27th July 2024, the hills will celebrate yet another Saheed Diwas. Like every year our ‘leaders’ and public will pay homage to those who layed their life for Gorkhaland. But for living martyrs, like Rukmani Chettri, it will be a day to remember and relive that moment when the bullet of fate changed life for ever. Like everyday, she will probably be alone in the solitude of her house not far from where the dead martyrs are being remembered and praised.

It’s not too late to give due recognition to this forgotten freedom fighter who has sacrificed her living life for the idea and dream that is Gorkhaland. Please share your opinions and suggestions. Let’s not forget this daughter of Gorkhaland.

Jai Gorkha, Jai Gorkhaland.

— o0o —

Article: Translated and adapted by Devendra Basnet, from a post in Nepali by Smt Deepa Rani Thakuri.

Photo: Deepa Rani Thakuri, Kalimpong

Originally posted on: Stories of Kalimpong

The post Rukmani, A Living Martyr of Gorkhaland. appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

Darjeeling Historical perspective shows West Bengal doesn’t own our land, so who are they even elibile to force 5 decimal land upon us? asks our contributior Alok Yangden Subba.

दार्जीलिङको ऐतिहासिक भू-भाग अनि चिया बगानको ५ डेसिमल जमिन

ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि :– बिस्तारवादी ब्रिटेनले स्पेन, फ्रान्स, पोर्टुगल र हल्याण्डका ब्यापारीहरूले भारत संग व्यापार गरेर आफैंलाई समृद्ध बनाएको देखेर ३१ दिसम्बर १६०० ई° तिर भारतमा इस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनीको स्थापना गर्छ। कालन्तरमा बम्बई, मद्रास र बंगाल अंग्रेजहरूको हात पर्छ। ऐतिहासिक दृष्टिकोणले तीन भागमा विभक्त गर्न सकिने टिस्टा नदीको पश्चिमी भू-भाग दार्जीलिङ सदर र खर्साङ महकुमा, पूर्वीय भू-भाग कालेबुङ महकुमा र तराईको भू-भाग सिलगढी महकुमा तिर विभिन्न शासकहरूले राज्य बिस्तरावादी नितिहरू अपनाउन थाल्छन्। त्यसै अनुरूप टिस्टा नदीको पूर्वीय खण्ड र डुवर्सको केही भू-भाग सन १६०६ ई° तिर भूटानले सिक्किमलाई जितेर आफ्नो राज्यमा गाभ्छ। बिस्तारै समयले गति फेर्दै जान्छ र सन् १७७३ लाग्छ । ब्यापारको निहुँमा इस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनीले भारतमा बिस्तारै राज्य बिस्तार गरेर एउटा प्रदेशको शासक बन्नलागेको देखेर ब्रिटिस पार्लियामेन्टले ई° सन १७७३ मा “रेगुलेटिङ एक्ट” जारी गर्छ फलस्वरूप ब्रिटिश इस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनीको कतिपय महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्यहरू माथि ब्रिटिश पार्लियामेण्टको नियन्त्रण हुन्छ।

सन् १७५० ई° मा नेपालले सिक्किम माथि चढाइ गर्न आरम्भ गर्छ र १७७७ मा सिक्किमलाई जितेर टिस्टा नदी सम्मको भू-भाग नेपालले आफ्नो अधीनमा ल्याउछ। त्यसको लगभग चालिस बर्ष पछि सन् १८१४ मा नेपाल र इस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी सरकार माझ युद्ध छेडिन्छ फलस्वरूप ४ मार्च १८१६ ई° मा नेपाल र ब्रिटिस इस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी सरकार माझ “सुगौली सन्धि” कायम हुन्छ।

यसरी नेपालले सिक्किमबाट जितेको तराई खण्ड सिलगढी महकुमा “सुगौली सन्धि” बामोजिन अग्रेजको हातमा सुम्पनु पर्छ। सन् १८१४ ई° मा अंग्रेजहरूलाई सहायता पुर्याएको र ब्यापार गर्न सिक्किमको बाटो व्यवाहारमा ल्याउने अनुमति प्रदान गरेकोमा १० फरवरी १८१७ ई° मा सिक्किम र इस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी सारकार माझ “तितालिया सन्धि” हुन्छ। यस सन्धि पश्चात् नेपालबाट प्राप्त भू-भागहरू मध्ये कम्पनी सरकारले केही सर्तहरू बामोजिन मेची नदीको पूर्व खण्डको भू-भाग टिस्टा पर्यान्त दार्जीलिङ र खर्साङ सिक्किम राज्यलाई फिर्ता गराएर नेपाल र भुटानको मध्य स्थित राज्यलाई बफर स्टेट बनाउछ। यसरी दार्जीलिङ र खर्साङ सिक्किमको र कलेबुङ महकुमा भुटानको अधीनमा पर्न जान्छ।

“तितालिया सन्धि” भएको एक दशक पनि नबित्दै सन १८२७ ई° मा फेरि नेपाल र सिक्किम माझ युद्ध शुरू हुन्छ। “तितालिया सन्धि” बमोजिन नेपाल र सिक्किमको झगडा मिलाउनु क्याप्टन लोय्ड र जी डब्लु ग्रान्ट सिक्किलको रिन्चिनपोङ जाने क्रममा दोर्जेलिङ भन्ने पुरानो गुर्खा थुममा फरवरी १८२९ मा ६ दिनसम्म बस्छन् । हरियो वन जंगलले ढाकेको दार्जीलिङको शीतल टाकुरा संग लोय्ड मोहित बन्छन् र यो सुन्दर अनि स्वच्छ दार्जीलिङलाई स्वास्थ्य लाभ गर्ने स्थान बनाउन कम्पनी सरकारलाई सिफारिस गर्छन्।

यो भू-भाग स्वास्थ लाभ गर्ने स्थान मात्र नभएर नेपाल, तिब्बत र भोटानको सिमाना भित्र रहेको यो दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग सामरिक दृष्टिकोणले पनि अति महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको बुझ्दछन्। लयँडको सिफारिस पछि गवर्नर जनरल विलियम बेन्टिकले डिपुटी सर्वेयर जनरल क्याप्टन हर्बर्टलाई ग्रान्ट संग यो भू-भागको निरीक्षण गर्न लाउछन् अनि कम्पनी सरकार दार्जीलिङको यो भू-भाग हात पार्न ई° सन १८३३ को जुन महिना देखि सक्रिय बन्दछन्।

योजनाबद्ध कार्यक्रमहरू लिएर क्याप्टन लोय्ड सिक्किमको राजा सामु प्रस्तुत हुन्छन्। उक्त प्रसंगमा राजाले तीनवटा प्रस्तावहरू राख्छन्। उपयुक्त प्रस्तावहरू मध्ये दुईवटा प्रस्तावहरू स्विकार्न क्याप्टन लोय्डले असमर्थता जाहेर गर्छन् अनि दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग कम्पनी सरकारको निम्ति माग्छन् र सट्टामा रूपियाँ अथवा मदेशको कुनै भू-भाग सिक्किमलाई दिन राजी भएको कुरा जनाउँछन्। बाध्यतावश राजाले एउटा स्वीकृति पत्र पठाउछन्। कालन्तरमा यसरी दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग कम्पनी सरकारको हातमा पर्दछ्न्।

स्वास्थलाभको कारण बनाएर सामरिक दृष्टिकोणले अति महत्त्वपूर्ण दार्जीलिङको यस भू-भाग हत्याई सके पछि ब्रिटिस कम्पनी सरकाले दार्जीलिङको यस भू-भागतिर भाैतिक पुर्वधारहरूको विकास शुरू गर्दै लान्छन्। यसै क्रममा उल्लेख गर्नुपर्ने अति नै महत्त्वपूर्ण बिषय के छ भने ई° सन् १८३३ तिर नै इस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी र चीन माझ व्यपारबारे “सर्वाधिकार ” रद्द गरिंदा चियाको ठूलो अभाव हुन्छ। गभर्नर जनरल विलियम बेन्टिकले भारतमा चियाको खेती लगाउने अठोट गर्छ। फलस्वरूप चियाको बिरुवा लिन बोटानिस्ट गार्डनरलाई चीन देश तिर रवाना गर्छन्। उनी चियाको बिरुवा लिएर १८३५ तिर भारत फर्कन्छन्। फलस्वरूप दार्जीलिङको जलपहाडमा चियाको बिरुवा सारेर राखिने काम मेजर क्रमलिनको देखरेखमा हुन्छ र बिरुवा हुर्केपछि १८४२ ई° मा आलेबुङको सरकारी नर्सरीमा सारिन्छ त्यस पछि तकभरमा चियाको बगान लगाउने काम शुरू हुन्छ। चियाको खेती सितै यस भू-भागको मूलवासीहरूको शोषण पनि शुरूहुन्छ भन्नुमा दुईमत हुदैन जो आजप्रयान्त: कायम नै छ।

सन् १९१२ मा, दार्जीलिङको यस भू-भागलाई ब्रिटिस कम्पनी सरकारले प्रशासनिक सहजताको निम्ति बिहारको भागलपुर प्रशासनिक एकाईबाट राजशाही (बंगाल) प्रशासनिक एकाईमा हस्तान्तरण गर्छ। यसरी दार्जीलिङको यस भू-भाग बंगालको अधिनमा पर्नजान्छ।

त्यस पछिका केही गुरूत्वपुर्ण राजनैतिक घटनाक्रमहरू पनि उल्लेख गर्नु महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्दछु।

• बंगालको प्रशासनिक दखलबाट दार्जीलिङलाई अलग्गै राख्नुपर्छ भन्ने माग सन् १९०७ मा नै उठान भएको हो र आजप्रयान्त: नै विभिन्न प्रकारले दोहोरिँदै आइरहेको छ।
• सन् १९०७ मा दार्जीलिङमा सर्वोच्च नागरिक समाज हिलमेन्स एसोसिएसनको गठन हुन्छ। सोनाम वाङगेल लाडेनलाको नेतृत्वमा एसोसिएसनले एउटा छुट्टै प्रशासनिक व्यवस्थाको माग गर्दै लर्ड मोर्ले र लर्ड मिन्टोको कमिसनलाई ज्ञपन पत्र बुझाउँछ।
• सन् १९१७ मा फेरि हिलमेन्स कमिसनले दार्जीलिङ जिल्ला र जलपाइगढी जिल्लालाई लिएर छुट्टै प्रशासनिक एकाइ गठन हुनुपर्छ भनेर पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्य सचिव, भारतका राज्य सचिव र भाइसरायलाई पुन एउटा ज्ञापन पत्र बुझाउछ।
• सन् १९२९ मा हिलमेन्स एसोसिएसनले फेरि साइमन कमिसन समक्ष यो माग उठान गर्छ।
• सन् १९३० मा हिलमेन्स एसोसिएसन, गोर्खा अफिसर्स एसोसिएसन र खरसाङ गोर्खा लाइब्रेरीले बंगाल प्रोभिन्सबाट छुट्टिने माग राख्दै भारतका राज्य सचिव श्यामुएल होरे समक्ष सयुक्त याचिका पत्र बुझाउछ।
• सन् १९४१ मा श्री रूपनारायण सिंहको अध्यक्षतामा हिलमेन्स एसोसिएसनले दार्जीलिङलाई बंगाल प्रोभिन्सबाट निकालेर एउटा चिफ कमिश्नर्स प्रोभिन्स बनाइदिन भारतका राज्य सचिव लर्ड पेड्रिक लरेन्सलाई बिन्तीपत्र चढाउछन्।
• सन् १९४३ मा अखिल भारतीय गोर्खा लीगले डुर्वस लगयतका भू-भाग सहित दार्जीलिङ जिल्लालाई बंगालबाट छुट्टाएर असाम प्रोभिन्समा गाभ्न माग गरेका थिए।
• ६ अप्रेल १९४६ मा भारतको अभिभाजित कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीले दार्जीलिङ जिल्ला, सिक्किम र नेपालका भू-भाग मिलाएर “गोर्खास्थान” को माग गर्दै संविधानसभामा एउटा ज्ञापन पत्र बुझाएको थियो जसको प्रतिलिपी अन्तरिम सरकारका भाइस प्रेसिडेन्ट पण्डित जवाहरलाल नेहरू र अन्तरिम सरकारका वित्त मन्त्री लियाकत अली खानलाई पनि पठाएको थियो। जस ज्ञापनपत्रमा लेखिएको थियो “भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको विचारमा दार्जीलिङ जिल्ला गोर्खाहरूको हो अनि यो उनिहरूको मातृभूमि हो।” – यस मुद्दालाई त्यसताकका तत्कालीन संविधानसभाका सदस्य व्यारिस्टर अडिबहादुर गुरूङले संविधानसभामा पनि राखेका थिए।

यत्ति धेरै ज्ञापनपत्र र बिन्तीपत्रहरू चढाउदा पनि दार्जीलिङको यस भू-भाग र यहाँको मूलवासी गोर्खा, लेप्चा र भोटियाहरूको पक्षमा किन सुनवाइ भएन ? यी मूलवासी गोर्खाहरूको ज्ञापनपत्र र बिन्तिपत्र चढाउने पद्धतिमा कुनै त्रुटि पो थियो कि ? यो अलग्गै अनुसंधान र सोधको बिषय भएको छ।

स्वतन्त्रता पछि भएका महत्त्वपूर्ण राजनैतिक घटनाक्रमहरू :-

• सन् १९५२ मा श्री एन° बी° गुरूङको नेतृत्वमा अखिल भारतीय गोर्खा लीगले कालेबुङ आउनुभएको बेला तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री जवाहरलाल नेहरू संग भेट गरि बंगालबाट छुट्टिने माग राख्दै ज्ञापनपत्र बुझाएका थिए।
• सन् १९५५ मा जिल्ला श्रमिक संघका अध्यक्ष श्री दाैलत दास बोखिमको नेतृत्वमा दार्जीलिङमा रहेको बेला राज्य पुनर्गठन आयोजका अध्यक्षलाई दार्जीलिङ, जलपागढी र कुचबिहारलाई लिएर छुट्टै राज्य गठन हुनुपर्छ भनेर ज्ञापनपत्र चढाएका थिए।
• सन् १९८० मा प्रान्त परिषद्ले सहित्यकार श्री इन्द्रबहादुर राईको नेतृत्वमा तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री श्रीमती इन्दीरा गान्धीलाई छुट्टै प्रशासनिक एकाइको माग गर्दै ज्ञापनपत्र चढाएका थिए।
• सन् १९८० मा श्री सुवास घिसिङको नेतृत्वमा गोर्खा राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति मोर्चाको गठन हुन्छ। “गोर्खाल्याण्ड” नामकरण गरि भारत भित्रै गोर्खाहरूको पनि छुट्टै राज्य निर्माण हुनुपर्छ भनेर आन्दोलन शुरू हुनु थाल्छ। १९८६ साल सम्म आाइ पुग्दा आन्दोलनले रक्तपातपुर्ण उग्र रूप लिइसकेको हुन्छ।
• सन् १९८६ को सितम्बर महिनामा (आन्दोलनकै क्रममा) दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग सिक्किमको, र कालेबुङको भू-भाग भुटानको हो भनेर पश्चिम बंगाल सरकारले दस्तावेज (श्वेत पत्र) नै जारी गर्छ।
• २२ अगस्ट १९८८ मा गोर्खा राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति मोर्चा प्रमुख सुवास घिसिङ, पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार र भारतको केन्द्र सरकार माझ त्रिपक्षीय सम्झौता हुन्छ। फलस्वरूप “दार्जीलिङ गोर्खा पार्वत्य परिषद” नाम गरेर अटोनोमस काउन्सिलको गठन हुन्छ।

यस पछिका राजनैनिक घटनाक्रमहरू वर्तमान पिढीलाई ज्ञात भएकै हो भनठानेर उद्धृत गरिरहन उचित ठानिन।

यी त भए भू-भाग सम्बन्धि ऐतिहासिक घटनाक्रमहरू।

उपरोक्त ऐतिहासिक दस्तावेजहरू हुँदाहुँदै पनि यो ५ डेसिमलको कुरा घरिघरि उठिरहदा र उठाई रहदा म त हाम्रो बुद्धिजीवी भनाैदाहरू संग पो तीन छक्क पर्छु। यि सत्तालोलुप माटो र जाति बिरोधी नेताहरू त आफ्नो पैसा अनि चाैकी को निम्ति जानिजानि सरकार र तल्लो तहका एकदुई जाना जाति बिरोधी एजेन्टहरूको सहयोगमा पहाडका सिधासादा जनतालाई बोरामा सुताउने काम गर्दैछ तर मिडिया र स्वयम्भु बुद्धिजीवीहरूले कि त नबुझेर हो या त ती जाति र माटो बिरोधी नेताहरूले जस्तै नाटक गरेको हो। पहाडको जनताले सूक्ष्म अवलोकन गरिएको छ।

पहाडको जनता त्यति अशिक्षित र लठुवा पनि छैनन् त्यति हो अत्यन्तै सोझो भने पक्कै छन्। सोझो जनताले समयलाई पर्खेर बसेका छन अनि समयमा जनताले सबै कुराको हिसाब किताब माग्छन् त्यतिबेला ती व्यक्तिहरू जसले माटो र जति बिरोधी क्रियाकलापहरू गरे र गरिरहेका छन् ती व्यक्तिहरू जवाफदायी हुनुको साथसाथै कालो इतिहास पनि लेखिने छन् यसमा दुईमत छैन।

कुरो एकदमै स्पष्ट छ दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग कसको हो ? प्रशस्त ऐतिहासिक दस्तावेजहरू अनुसार कहिले कसले अनि कसरी दार्जीलिङको यो भू-भागमा राजपात चलाए। विभिन्न सन्धिहरू हुँदै कहिले बफर स्टेट, लिजहोल्डलयाण्ड कहिले एब्जर्भ्ड एक्ट अनुसार कहिले देखि बंगालको अधिनमा आयो यो त भए ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमिका बिषयबस्तुहरू जो माथि नै उल्लेख गरिसकेको छु। भू-भाग सम्बन्धि दस्तावेजहरू र सिङ्गो इतिहास त अब बताइ रहने जरुरत पनि छैन राज्य र केन्द्र सरकारलाई। उनिहरू दबाई पसलमा गएर चिकन मोमो माग्नेहरूको समुहमा पर्दैनन्। केन्द्र र राज्यले हाम्रो नाडी छामी सकेर अब यो पहाडेहरूलाई जसो गर्दा पनि हुन्छ, जे गर्दा पनि हुन्छ भनेर चुनावी प्रपोगण्डा चलाएको मात्र हो।

हाम्रो दुर्भाग्य र विडम्बनाको कुरो के छ भने, जसको यो भू- भाग हो, जो चहि यो भू-भागको असली मालिक हो उनिहरूले चँहि हामीले दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग भारत देश बनिन भन्दा पहिला नै अर्थात देश स्वतन्त्र हुनुभन्दा अघाडी नै हामीले फिरङगीहरको ब्रिटिस इस्ट इन्डिय कम्पनीलाई उपहार स्वरूप चडाइ सकेको हाैं। जन्म दिनमा दिइसकेको या विवाह बन्धनमा बाँधिएको उपलक्ष्यमा दिइसकेको उपहार कसैले फेरि फिर्ता देउ मलाई भनेर फिर्ता माग्छ र ? भन्नेखालको टिप्पणीहरू सरकारको प्रमुख ओहदामा बसेका व्याक्तिहरबाट समाजिक संजाल र प्रेस मिडियाहरूबाट समय समयमा सुन्न र पढन पाएकै हाै।

यसरी मूल मालिकले नै आफ्नो भू-भाग लत्तए पछि जमिन अनि जमिन संगै भारत देशमा विलय भएका मूलवासी हामी पनि लाथ्थालिङ्गै हुने नै भयाै नि।

हिलमेन्स एसोसिएसन, गोर्खा राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति मोर्चा हुँदै गोर्खा जनमुक्ति मोर्चा सम्म आइ पुग्दा समय समयमा दार्जीलिङ कालेबुङ र डुवर्सको भू-भागलाई लिएर भारत देश भित्र गोर्खाहरूको पनि छुट्टै राज्य “गोर्खल्याण्ड” हुनुपर्छ भनेर कहिले रक्तपात पुर्ण त कहिले गान्धीवादी आन्दोलन नचर्किएको पनि होइन। तर अहिले आएर यस भू-भागको ऐतिहासिक दस्तावेजहरू अनुसंधान र अध्यान गर्दा के निष्कर्ष पाउँछौं भने, हिलमेन्स एसोसिएसन लगायत अन्यहरूले त्यसताकका ब्रिटिस सरकारलाई दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग सम्बन्धि चढाएका ज्ञापन पत्र र बिन्तिपत्रहरूलाई के कारणले महत्त्व दिएनन् भन्दा “लडाउ अनि राज गर” भन्ने नितिमा अर्काको भू-भागमा राज गर्नु पल्केका ब्रिटिस कम्पनी सरकार यस भू-भागलाई स्वयेतत्ता दियो भने यस क्षेत्रका यी अनपढ र अशिक्षित नेपाली, लेप्चा र भोटिया जाति (समग्रमा गोर्खा), शक्तिशाली हुन्छन् र समय संगै शिक्षित पनि हँदै जान्छन् र ब्रिटिस सरकारको पक्षमा यी वीर गोर्खा जातिले कहिले पनि युद्ध लडि दिदैनन् भन्ने बुझेर ति ज्ञापन पत्रहरूलाई कुनै महत्त्व नै नदिएको भान हुन्छ।

उसो भए स्वतन्त्रता पछिका भू-भाग सम्बन्धित हाम्रा आन्दोलनहरू किन टुङ्गोमा पुगेनन् त भन्ने कुरामा विभिन्न दस्तावेजहरू अध्यान र अनुसन्धान गर्दा प्रथमतः भारतको केन्द्र सरकारकोमा विभिन्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्धिहरूले छोएको दार्जीलिङको यो भू-भागहरूलाई समेटेर “गोर्खाल्याण्ड” राज्य निर्माण गर्ने क्षमता र इच्छाशक्ति नै थिएन। यस भू-भागका मूलवासी हामी उपरोक्त दस्तावेज अध्यान गरेर हो कि ? अध्यान नै नगरीकन भावनामा बगेर यस भू-भागलाई टुङ्गो नै नलगाई गोर्खाहरूको निम्ति गोर्खल्याण्ड राज्य हुनुपर्छ भनेर कराउनु थाल्यौं र आन्दोलन पनि चर्काइ पठायाै।

सिधै भन्नू पर्दा हामीले पहिला यस भू-भागको असली मालिक को हो ? टुङ्गो लगाईदेउ, हामीलाई हाम्रो मालिक भेटाइदेउ भन्नुको सट्टा हामीलाई गोर्खल्याण्ड चाहिन्छ भनेर तकनिकी रूपमा भुल गर्याै। जसको फलस्वरूप आज सम्म हाम्रो यो पवित्र माटोले मुक्ति पाउनु सकेको छैन। यी सबै बिषयबस्तुहरू अध्यान, मनन गरेर नै माननीय स्वर्गीय श्री सुवास घिसिङज्युले गोर्खाल्याण्ड “नफल्ने बनतरूल हो” भनेर भन्नु भएका हुन जस्तो लाग्छ।

हामीले नै दवाई दोकानमा गएर चिकन मोमो मागिसके पछि हाम्रो वाैदिक स्तरलाई जाँचेर भारतको केन्द्र सरकारले इच्छाशक्ति देखाउने त कुरा नै आएन। तर यहाँ गम्भीर कुरो के छ भने भारत को केन्द्र सरकारले दार्जीलिङको यस भू-भागलाई पश्चिम बंगालमा संगलग्न गराएर यतिका दिन सम्म शासन चलाई रहदा कुनै दिन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरबाट दबाब पर्दैन भन्न सकिनदैन। त्यसैले सामरिक दृष्टिकोणले अतिनै संवेदनशील यो भू-भागलाई चाँडोभन्दा चाँडो छिमेकी मित्र राष्ट्रहरूलाई विस्वासमा लिएर गोर्खाल्याण्ड राज्य निर्माण गरेको खण्डमा समग्र भारत देश अन्तरिक अनि बाह्य रूपले नै सुरक्षित हुनेमा कुनै शंका छैन।

अन्तमा, अब आयो चिया कमानको ५ डेसिमल जमिनको कुरा, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्धिहरूले घेरेको दार्जीलिङको यो भू-भागको असली मालिकको टुंगो नलगाई भारतको केन्द्र सरकारले त कुनै कुरा दिन नसक्ने भएको खण्डमा साथै १९८६ सालमा पश्चिम बंगाल सरकारको तत्कालीन मुख्य मन्त्री स्वर्गीय ज्योति बासुले दार्जीलिङको भू-भाग सिक्किमको हो र कालेबुङको भू-भाग भुटानको हो भनेर श्वेत पत्र नै जारी गरिसकेपछि हाम्रो पुर्खाको खुन र पसिनाले सिँचेको चिया बगानको हाम्रो अधिनमा रहेको जमिनलाई ५ डेसिमल गरेर पश्चिम बंगाल सरकारले पर्जापट्टा दिनुसक्छ र ? तकनिकि रूपले प्रश्न चिन्ह खडा हुन्छ। यदि दिन सक्छ भने पहिला हाम्रो प्राण भन्दा प्यारो गोर्खाल्याण्ड राज्य निर्माण गर्नु सक्नुपर्छ।

आलोक येङदेन सुब्बा।
लेबोङ, दार्जीलिङ।

The post Darjeeling Historical Perspective and 5 Decimal Land appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

Namastay, Nomoshkar, Khamri, Kuzo-zangbo, Tashi Deleg and Good Morning Ladies and Gentlemen,

I would like to express my hearty congratulations to the members of the Gorkha Janamukti Secondary Teachers’ Association for holding this seminar and inviting me to say a few words.

I will be reading this paper in English, not because I cannot read, write or speak in Nepali but because I can do it better in English. Ho, Nepalima yo paper parayko bha ajja mitho ra suwaudo hunay thiyo. Ma chhama chanhanchhu. Tara yuddama jasari jun hatiyar chalaunu subista hunchha tyahi chlainchha yaha malai Angrezi mero subhistako hatiyaar ho jasto laagchha. When I was a schoolboy about 40 years ago my school Dr. Graham’s Homes, Kalimpong, did not have a Nepali Master. It was in my Senior Cambridge year that Mr Loben Lama was appointed to that post. So with just one solitary single year of Nepali classes I sat for the Senior Cambridge in 1968. My answer script was a total disaster, khatam bhanda pani khatam thiyo, but when the results came: I had passed with the skin of my tooth: junday ra pass bhayechha, actually examinerko daya amayalay malai pass garai diyekoho jasto laagchha. So that is my Nepali education, and now at this age I am learning the finer nuances of the language, the basics of grammar and I hope in a year or two things will change. My paper relates to the history of Darjeeling but it will not touch on the tea and cinchona industries, it will avoid development of education, local self-government and I will not even touch upon the thirteen or fourteen times we have petitioned for a homeland of their own. But before I commence I would just like to state that 1907 petition for a separate homeland is the oldest, the senior-most of its kind in India. Ek saya barsa katyo, tyo demandko chhora-chhori, naati, panatiharulay pani statehood paisakyo tara hami aaja pani banchit chou. Anyway this paper will keep track of the early history of Darjeeling, its incorporation into the East India Company or the British Empire and the paper will end at when Darjeeling is joined to Bengal.

(1) THE THREE COMMUNITIES: BHUTIAS, GORKHAS & LEPCHAS

The history of Darjeeling has intimate relationship, nang ra masukojasto, to the history of Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, and the East India Company and thereby to Britain. It will be appropriate to start from Kharsang for it was here that Maharajah Thodup Namgyal and Maharani Yeshay Dolma were imprisoned. jailed, locked up by the British and it was here that they wrote a historical book on Sikkim.

It was translated into English by Kazi Daosamdup and he called it History of Sikkim. I have a copy of this rare document and therefore I will be extensively, freely and purposely quoting from it. In the manuscript the boundaries of Sikkim is defined as follows: “They were Dibdala in the North, Shingsa Dag-pay, Walung, Yangmak, Khangchen, Yarlung and Timar Chorten in the West, down along Arun and Dud Kosi Rivers, down to Maha Nodi, Nuxalbari, Titalia in the South. On the East Tagong La, and Tang La on the North.” These boundaries were defined after the enthronement, coronation, the appointment of the first Chogyal of Sikkim, Phuntshog Namgyal, 1642 CE.

The first things the new ruler did was to construct forts called dzongs which operated as the military and administrative units. To these dzongs he appointed dzongpens, or fort masters, the local administrators or chiefs and they were all Lepchas, thus the Lepchas were appeased, made happy, made content. But that left out the Limbus and the Magars. The Magars staunchly resisted Bhutia incursion and political domination, and they actually went to war against the new rulers. The fact that the Magars were pretty well organized can be assessed from the forts they built which the ruling community in Sikkim called them Magar-dzongs.

Eventually, the Magars lost and a large part of them got pushed westwards.

As far as the Limbus were concerned the Chogyal made a pact called Lho-mon-tsong-sum (lho-Bhutias, mon-Lepchas, tsong-Limbus, and sum-three), thus giving us the Bhutia-Lepcha-Limbu trinity.

Now what importance this patch of history has for us vis-à-vis the present political scenario! (1) The boundaries demarcated clearly shows that Darjeeling, Kharsang, Kalimpong and Siliguri were all in Sikkim and that the kingdom stretched all the way to Purnea in the south. (2) The Gorkha population was in sufficient numbers to wage a war against Sikkim, as in the case of Magars, and large enough for the Chogyal to seek allegiance (Lho-mon-tsong-sum), as in the case of the Limbus. And (3) This is the most significant of the points mentioned so far: that the Maharajah’s History of Sikkim makes it absolutely certain that the Gorkhas were in the region even before the creation of Sikkim.

(2) SIKKIM LOSES KALIMPONG

Tensung Namgyal became the next Chogyal. (1670) Most historians, looking for wars, coups, assassinations, and political intrigues insult and degrade his reign claiming nothing important or interesting happened. Actually something very important had happened. He married three times. History of Sikkim states that his first wife, Nambi Ongmu, was from Bhutan, and she gave birth to a daughter, Pande Ongmu.

The second was from Tibet and she gave birth to a son, Chagdor Namgyal. The third Rani was the daughter of a Limbu chief named Yong-Yong Hang. The royal History also says that along with the daughter of Yong-Yong Hang seven other Limbu ladies got married to “highest kazis and ministers of Sikkim.” When Tensung Namgyal died the daughter of the Bhutanese Rani staked her claim to the Sikkim gaddhi, after all, the male contender, Chagdor Namgyal, was a minor and she was an adult besides she was also the child of the first queen. The princess sought the help of the Bhutanese who willingly obliged. In 1707 the Bhutanese withdrew but retained all Sikkimese territories to the east of the Tista River whereby our present day Kalimpong became a part of Bhutan.

Now let us go back to this portion of the history. (1) Tensung Namgyal by marrying daughters of important people indirectly purchased peace for Sikkim, after all uttarpatti haray ta Bhotko juwai sahib, paschim tira haray ta Limbu haruko juwai, ani Purba haray ta Bhutan ko juwai.

Sikkimlai kaslay chai akraman garnay. So, kinachai Sikkimma shanty na hunu ra. Taraipani it is ironic that historians still ignore and even refuse to give him credit for winning …. peace. (2) It is said the too many cooks spoil the broth and Maharaha Tensung had two wives too many and Sikkim paid for it dearly. (3) It is most probable that Limbus were not too happy with the prevailing situation, despite the lho-mon-tsong-sum pact.

Therefore besides making a Limbuni a Rani of Sikkim seven other ladies were also taken as wives by highest kazis and ministers of Sikkim. And finally, (4) Most people think that Kalimpong originally belonged to Bhutan but we now know that it was originally a part of Sikkim. Chotkarima, Kalaybung Sikkim bata Bhutanlay gavayko ani Bhutan bata Angrejlay pach pareko ho.

(3) ANGLO-NEPAL WAR

Now we move on to the 6th Chogyal, Tenzing Namgyal who ascended the Sikkimese throne in 1780. His reign was punctuated, interrupted and disturbed with skirmishes and battles with the Gorkhas. Then there was a period of lull and quiet and the Gorkhas used this period of calm and peace to launch a surprise attack. Sikkimese were completely taken aback by the sudden shock raids. Purna Ale led a group of Gorkhas who came through Ilam and penetrated as far as Reling, Karmi, and Chakung (1788).

Another Gorkha force under the command of Johar Singh stealthily advanced through the Singalila and in a complete surprise swoop took over the palace at Rabdentse: Yaspali pani Raja, praja ani mantriharulay taap kasay, tara Bhot tira hoina, kholsa, orar, gufa, khola-nadiko bagar ani junglema sharan lina pugay. History of Sikkim mentions, “Thus the Gurkhas remained masters of Sikkim, beyond the Teesta, while the Raja took flight and all Sikkimites were compelled to take refuge in the valleys of the rivers, hills and caves, suffering privations and hardship.”

In 1790 Chogyal left his hiding and went to Tibet where he died three years later, and a boy of 12 years, Tsugphud Namgyal, was proclaimed the new Maharaja. It was during Tsugphud’s kingship that the Anglo-Nepal war broke out. The British eventually challenged the Gorkhas through a five pronged attack and Sikkim sided with the British.

We must pause here to reflect on a few points.

(1) Prithwinarayan Shah never wanted to attack Sikkim for the fear it might open up a fresh frontier of war with Tibet. However, the 1788 Gorkha move to penetrate deep into Sikkim signifies that the Gorkhas had grown confident enough to handle Sikkim and withstand a Tibetan attack.

(2) The Gorkhas did not bother the Sikkimese hiding in the ravines, jungles and caves as long as the strategic posts like Rabdentse, Dorje-ling and Na-gri were secure.

(3) Alliance with the British was the only hope for the Sikkim ruler to regain his lost territories and so he sided with the British. At the same time the British accepted Sikkim’s gesture because

(a) in the five-pronged British attack, the eastern front was the weakest and Sikkim’s assistance would offset that disadvantage to some extent.

(b) With Sikkim as an ally any future alliance/intrigues between Nepal and Bhutan could be checked. And

(c) It promised a possibility of trade with Tibet through Sikkim. After all East India Company was a trading company, the biggest ever in history.

(4) DISCOVERY OF DARJEELING

After the war the British restored to the Sikkim Maharaja the lands between Mechi and Tista Rivers through the treaty of Titalya. This treaty has nine functional Articles and the tenth one is just a protocol fulfillment. The first and the last operative or functional articles talk about restoring to Sikkim in full sovereignty and of the Company’s guarantee to the Raja and his successors the full and peaceable possession of the tract. Each and every other Article in between took away from Sikkim, piece by piece, the basic entitlements of sovereignty, independence and freedom to function as an absolute nation .

What became important to Darjeeling’s history was Article Three which required, stipulated and stated that Sikkim was “to refer to the arbitration of the British Government any dispute or questions that may arise between his (i.e. Chogyal’s) subjects and those of Nepal, or any other neighbouring State, and to abide by the decision of the British Government.”

This Article Three became operational when the Chogyal asked the East India Company to arbitrate on the Ontoo Dara dispute because both Sikkim and Nepal claimed the dara as its own. So as per the stipulation of Article Three Captain George Alymer Lloyd and J. W. Grant, the Commercial resident at Malda, were deputed to investigate and resolve the matter.

It was on the journey to Ontoo Dara that the two men, in February 1829, stayed at Darjeeling for six days at “the old Goorka station called Dorjeling” and were “much impressed with the possibility of the station as a sanatarium.” On 18 June 1829 Lloyd communicated to the government regarding the possibility of Darjeeling serving as a sanatarium while about the same time Grant also urged the government to possess the tract.

Now reflecting upon this chapter of history we note the following

(1) The British kept their word and gave back to the Chogyal the lands between Mechi and Tista rivers.

(2) This transfer of land was effected through the Treaty of Titalya in which the beginning and the end of the treaty were sugarcoated to make the Sikkimese happy. In between the British squeezed out much more than what they had given. Angrejlay gulchay khaylyo. And finally

(3) A future Hill Station had been discovered by Lloyd and Grant and that hill station was called Dorje-ling and later as Darjeeling.

(5) DARJEELING BECOMES PART OF BRITISH INDIA

Lord William Bentinck, in June of 1830, proposed to commence negotiation with the Chogyal but this and another subsequent attempt were both struck down, stopped, by Sir C. Metcalfe, a Member of the Supreme Council, on the grounds that the neighbours might look at it with suspicion. Bentinck waited for almost four years and then ordered Major Lloyd to meet the Chogyal and negotiate the cession of Darjeeling “offering such equivalent either in land or money.” To cut short the story Lloyd conveyed the Governor-General’s message while the Chogyal placed three conditions viz

(i) The Chogyal would quote a price and that should be paid,

(ii) Sikkims border would be extended and

(iii) Kummoo Pradhan, the tax collector who had fled to Nepal would be brought to Sikkim for the execution of justice. What happened in between is rather vague but in a later meeting the Chogyal gave a short deed of grant. Since it did not define the boundaries of the land to be handed over, Lloyd produced his own deed on which the king stamped his lal mohar.

The area defined in this deed became known as the Darjeeling tract and the British claimed it as their new asset. They were under the impression that the grant was unconditional but the Chogyal kept on complaining/ that he had not been compensated, in other words, the grant was conditional. It might interest this august house to know that the original negotiation was to be only for the area of present-day Darjeeling town, i.e. the Observatory Hill and the surroundings, but in the stamped deed the area was, about 30 miles long from top to bottom and about six to ten miles along the sides. Now, when the sahibs began building roads and houses the Chogyal began to protest, and with the progress of development the protests grew stronger and louder.

Eventually when the Company realized that the Chogyal had been wronged they sent a compensation consisting of: One double-barrelled gun, a rifle, 20 yards of red broad cloth and two shawls.

Yeshlai bhancha asal helchyakrai: besharam Angrejlay andaaz 240 barga mile jaminko sattako laagi duiwata bundook, ek than luga ani duiwata shawl kun hisablay diyeko hola. Yo hamilay Gorkhaland mangda DGHC diyeko jastai ho, abha aeuta “Chhakka” Schedule pani dinchhu bhandaichha.

The Chogyal’s pleadings for a just compensation now grew even louder. Eventually the Sikkim ruler threw a devastating bomb, in the form of a letter, to Campbell, who had now taken over from Lloyd as the First Superintendent of the Darjeeling tract. The letter still exists and it claimed in no uncertain words that his three conditions had been accepted by Lloyd. The following is a part of the letter: “Lloyd promised that whatever money I should desire in return should be granted, that my territory should be extended the west to the Tambar River; that Kummoo Pradhan and his brother be delivered to me; and that the deficit in my revenue in their hands should be made good.” The East India Company hurriedly offered a compensation of Rs 3,000 per annum which the ruler accepted with certain amount of displeasure. Nevertheless, the British now knew that the deed that they possessed, and the land they had acquired, were suspect, subject to questioning or of doubtful legality and that history would not treat it kindly.

Another important fact that they realized was that the tract granted by the Maharaja was totally surrounded by Sikkimese territory and the approach road they were making was illegal because it went through Sikkim. The Chogyal could technically prohibit the British to make the road or even disallow them to pass through his Sikkim. Now with a suspect deed of grant and access to Darjeeling being only through Sikkimese soil the situation was not good at all. Something had to be done.

In examining the just mentioned episodes we find that

(1) The deed of grant of Darjeeling could not become operative since the British had not met the conditions laid down by the Chogyal. Meet garnu saknay awastha panita thiyayna. Kummo Pradhan Nepalma guhar liyayra basako thiyo ani Angrez-Nepal majha kunai extradition treaty thiyayna. Chogyallay Sikkimko simana Tambar kholasamma baraidinay dawa rakheko thiyo tara tyo chhetra Sugauli Sandhima Nepallai deisakeko thiyo. Therefore these two conditions were impossible to meet and so the treaty was in effect invalid.

(2) The best thing to do would have been to return Darjeeling tract to Sikkim. It was not done so because of three reasons

(a) a lot of money had already been spent on the construction of the road, houses and staging posts,

(b) a large number of Darjeeling plots had already been sold off, in Calcutta, and most of the buyers were men of money, matter and political muscle

(c) the British desperately needed Darjeeling.

Before Darjeeling was discovered the Himalayan region had Shimla, Chail and Mussoorie as hill stations serving the Europeans in North India, Central India had Mount Abu and Hazaribagh, South India had Mandapalle, Bangalore, Kotagiri, Ooty, and Kodaikanal, West India had Purandha and Mahabalshwar but Eastern India had no hill station. When Cherrapunji was taken over in 1829 the British thought they had that much sought after hill station but Cherra was the world’s rainiest place and all hopes got literally washed away. Shillong was a close option but the Khasis refused to surrender, they were giving the British a hard time. So, every officer in India could rush off to their own hill station be he from North, south, west or central India, but the capital of India, the second city of the British empire, had nowhere to go to. Imagine the frustration, imagine the embarrassment, and imagine the desperation and you can imagine why the British would not give back Darjeeling.

Finally point number (3) The Chogyal had in good faith blindly put his seal on the document produced by Lloyd. Yaha auta sanu kura bhannu chha. Lloyd chalak manchay thiyo. Uslay pesh gareko dalil Lapchay bhasama thiyo tara Raja thiyo Bhotay. Parnay echchha bhayetapani parnu nasaknay. So, Saheblay kinachai chhal-kapat garchha hola bhannay biswasma Sikkimpatti Maharajalay lalmohor thoki baakshinu bhayo.

(6) ANNEXATION OF DARJEELING

Yes, now the only option left for the British was to militarily annex the areas south of the Rumman and Rungit Rivers and thereby get free access to the tract and also make the deed of grant a document of no importance, because Darjeeling would now be British through military victory and not because the Maharaja had granted it.

The opportunity to strike at Sikkim came when Joseph Dalton Hooker, a botanist, and Campbell were arrested in Sikkim. Sikkim claimed that their entry was illegal and the British claimed that the Chogyal had issued them entry permits.

Over this issue the British troops marched into Sikkim. Campbell and his soldiers crossed the Rangit River and stayed for several weeks along the northern bank. Sikkim did not contest and the troops returned and the British announced to the villagers that the area was now a property of the British government. This annexed area consisted of the Sikkim terai, and hill areas south of the Rumman Nadi, west of the Bara Rangit and Tista rivers and the hills to the east of the Nepal frontier.

Yaha auta thulo prashna aucha, question chha: Kay Hookerkoma Chogyallay diyeko permit sachinai thiyo ra? Permit raheko bhayay Sikkimko sarkari karmachari harulai kina dekhaunu sakena ya dekhayayna? Hamro paharko bisaya liyera Hooker saheblay dui wata moto moto kitabharu lekhnu bhayo jaha gumbako, phoolko, padam baas etyadiko assi wata jasto chitra chha tara tyo mahatapurna permitko kunai chitra chhaina. Permit nai thiyena bhanay chitra kaha bata chhapaunay.

In 1983, 135 years after his arrest there was great excitement in England because some hand written manuscript in vernacular was found amongst some old papers of Sir Joseph Hooker. Could they be the permit issued by the Maharajah of Sikkim? Unable to read the script Xerox of the same was sent to my teacher and friend, the world famous linguist, Professor Richard Keith Sprigg.

Eeesh, pramaan chha bhanna lai Angrez haru tayar bha-ay.

Professor Sprigg had to inform his fellow Englishmen that the papers were not the permit but the accounts of daily purchases and other expenses. Tyo kaagzharu ta Hooker sahibko baidarbabulay prati dinko kharcha, samanko daam etyadi, Lepcha lipima lekhekopo raicha. Angrez haru aja pani praman khojdai chha bhanchha. Khojos! Paunay kaha bata!

(7) DARJEELING PUSHED INTO BENGAL

The present-day sub-division of Kalimpong along with the Duars became British property following the defeat of the Bhutanese in the Anglo-Bhutan war in November 1865. It was first put under the Deputy Commissioner of Western Duars but in 1866 it was transferred to the District of Darjeeling giving the district its final shape. Initially, this new district was treated differently and was designated as a “NON- REGULATION District” meaning any Act or Regulation passed in the Bengal Presidency did not come into force in district unless they were specially extended to it. In 1919 when the Government of India Act formed the Legislative Council, Darjeeling was not required to send a member to it. The district was excluded and declared a BACKWARD TRACT and the administration was under the Governor in Council.

Even the administrative expenses were not required to be passed by Bengal Government. Furthermore, any Act passed by Bengal Government, which automatically extended to whole of Bengal, would not apply to Darjeeling if the Governor in Council decided to reject it. This in a very subtle way brought our hills a little closer to Bengal, because it also meant that any law passed by the Bengal Government could be applicable to Darjeeling if the Governor did not reject it. This arrangement lasted for another 15 years. Then the black year came and ironically that was Darjeeling’s centenary year under the British. The British Government passed an Act in 1935 requiring the three hill subdivisions to send a representative to Bengal Legislative Assembly and Dambarsingh Gurung became Darjeeling’s MLA to Bengal. Darjeeling was now pushed into Bengal.

Now we come to the final review: It is patent and historically authenticated that Darjeeling was never a part of Bengal. When Bengal was partitioned in 1905 our Bengali brothers claimed that no one was consulted, no opinion was entertained, no fore-warning was given and no explanation was provided. Bengal and the intellectuals of India rose up as one against the partition. Let our friends not forget that when Darjeeling was merged to Bengal no one was consulted, no opinion was entertained, and that no fore-warning was given and no explanation was provided.

Keeping these facts in mind would it not be logical if Bengal joined us in saying “Gorkhaland hunu parcha“, “Shatyi, Gorkhaland huwa uuchit” po bhannu parnay. Why do Bengal politicians keep harping and shouting that Bengal will not be partitioned again. Creating Gorkhaland is not a partition but a just, realistic and honourable act of giving back what was never part of Bengal. Instead Bengal should apologize for holding on to the hills for so many years.

Our language is different, our physiognomy or physical structure is different, our food habits, music, drama, dances, and clothes are different, the whole cultural milieu is different, even the Hinduism and Buddhism practiced by Bengal and Gorkhaland are different.

Geographically we are in the hills and mountains and Bengal is in the plains and so our biology, zoology, climatology and even the associated benefits and disasters of the two regions are different. We do not share the same script, we do not share the same mentality and most of all we do not have a shared history. If we look back to the period before we were pushed, forcibly joined, attached without consent, and made a part of Bengal merely for the sake of administrative convenience we find that we shared no connection with Bengal.

How can we share a common future when we do not share a common past! No amount of legislation, state power, gentle cajoling or even brute force can bind two people with uncommon history: Soviet Union is an example, Yugoslavia is an example and Gorkhaland will be another example.

Finally, mailay hazurharuko dherai samai liyay, I would like to end with the words of a Bengali intellectual:

“Happy Gorkhas in Gorkhaland are any day better for Bengalis than angry Gorkhas in Bengal.”

The post A BRIEF HISTORY OF DARJEELING appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

Therefore, it is not surprising that people across India and South East Asia flock here to get the best of primary and secondary/higher secondary education. These schools have long history and old legacy with the oldest school among them coming up as early as in 1844 in the form of Loreto Convent School, Darjeeling.

However, the modern schools for the commoners came only half a century later in the form of Darjeeling Govt High School. The seeds for educational revolution for commoners was started by one of the teachers of Darjeeling Govt. High School – Dr Parasmani Pradhan.

In this write-up, we focus on Education , and the Govt and govt sponsored Educational Institutions in Darjeeling Hills under GTA within the framework of GTA Act 2012 signed among GJM, Bengal Govt and Union Govt, along with the MoU signed on 18th July 2011 while GTA Act coming into play on 14th March 2012.

As per the GTA Act, many departments were being transferred with certain level of autonomy where Govt of West Bengal couldn’t unilaterally take decisions. Education was one of the transferred Dept. We will use sections and subsections of GTA Act in autonomy granted to GTA Sabha and jurisdiction.

Education as Transferred Subject

Under the section 26 of Chapter II of GTA Act, with subtitle “Matter to be under the control and administration of GTA”, the autonomy is expressed as, Subject to the provisions of this act and any other laws for the time being in force and any general or special direction of Govt , GTA shall have administrative, financial and executive powers in the region in the relation to following dept.

Therefore, education is a transferred matter. The subsections 26(V), 26(VI) and 26(VII) are related to educational institutions transferred to the GTA jurisdictions. They are as follows.

• 26(V): School Education including primary education, secondary education, higher secondary education (including vocational training): Physical Education; Government Schools.
• 26(VI): College Education including Agricultural and Technical Colleges, Local Management of Government sponsored Colleges; Mass Education and Physical Education; Engineering, Medical, Management, and Information Technology with Government and Government sponsored colleges for which wings /cells shall have to be created by the GTA for the area under its jurisdiction;
• 26(VII): Adult Education and Library Services;

Mode Of Appointments Of Staffs, Officers and Teachers

Subsections 54(1), 54(2) and 54(3)of chapter IV of GTA Act are related to the mode of appointment under subtitle “Officers and Staffs of the GTA.”
Therefore, I advice Mr Principal Secretary of GTA , IAS to kindly read the the aforesaid subsections of GTA Act while recruiting academician in educational institutions in GTA and value the Act signed among three parties viz. Central govt, West Bengal govt and GJM.(undivided)
Subsections 54(1) and subsection 54(2) says any recruitment to the tune of Group D, Group C and Group B must be made through “Subordinate Service Selection Board” to be set up for this very purpose in consultations with Govt of WB.

Therefore, this definitely means that Recruitment notice must be given in a local NEPALI DAILY clearly mentioning

1. No of posts,
2. Category (unreserved, OBC, SC, ST, PH).

Even short term vacancies like maternity leave vacancy, Deputation for B. Ed are to be advertised, whereas permanent post is definitely to be advertised. The Posts like guard, peon, clerks, job assistant, lab technicians, technical assistants, primary Teacher, trained graduate teacher, etc fall in this category.

Subsections 54(3) says recruitment to Group A can be done in consultations with State PSC.

Group A comprises Post Graduate Trained Teacher, Headmasters, Lecturers in polytechnic colleges and other technical College, general degree colleges , doctors, veterinary doctors, etc.

It is commonplace knowledge that the recruitment to these posts are made through proper advertisement in WBOSC websites clearly visible to naked eyes and don’t need Trinetra (3rdEye)

MoU and Regularisation of Adhoc teachers and contractual workers

As per MoU signed among three parties in 18th July 2011, the ad-hoc teachers and other contractual workers were to be absorbed who have completed ten years’ of continued service. Accordingly they were absorbed. Clearly neither MoU nor GTA Act 2012 mentions “Volunteer Teachers”.

Those contractual workers who have completed 10 years service with appointment prior to signing on MoU are yet to get absorbed deserve permanency as per GTA MoU.

Deficiency of GTA and Devaluing Interference Of GTA by West Bengal Govt

1. Transfer of Govt Schools: As education is transferred matter, the Govt schools like Darjeeling Govt High School, Saedeswari High School, Kalimpong Boys High School, Dow Hill Girls’ School, Victoria Boys, etc were not transferred in true spirit by Govt of WB. Moreover, GTA was never consulted in recruitment of teaching ,non teaching and Principals in these schools.
   [In recruitment process of Principal of Victoria Boys School recently, many senior teachers from GTA region with enough qualification applied for Principal post but only one person among the short listed candidates for interview of principal was from GTA Region. Are we at GTA that incompetent?. Surely, GTA would have influenced to incorporate more candidates to be called for interview in School transferred to its own jurisdiction].
2. Transfer of Polytechnic colleges and Other Technical Institutions:
   The mode of recruitment of Lecturers in polytechnic colleges is directly through PSC examination and they don’t consult GTA Sabha in recruitment process whereas Polytechnic and technical institution is transferred subject. The worst sufferers are just school passed children from vernacular schools who find it difficult to cope up with the non Nepali speaker Teachers and some don’t speak English too.
3. General Degree College: The general Degree colleges are the most visible places where GoWB doesn’t at all consultant GTA Sabha. Whereas General Degree College effect vast majority of Nepali Medium School Students passing out and coming to study at general Degree colleges, the non Nepali speaker Teachers will further make college course quite difficult. As such case if transfers in mid session becomes regular which affects students. Had WB govt consulted GTA Sabha or GTA Sabha acted with concerns for students such difficulty wouldn’t have arised.

GTA body must ensure that the local candidates having minimum educational qualifications fit enough be given priority with regard to the appointment as teachers in Govt abd govt sponsored educational institutions like Schools, Polytechnic colleges and other technical colleges and general degree colleges.

In addition, the GTA body must ensure that any recruitment to the institution in GTA must be specifically mentioned whether it’s PSC, SSC or CSC boards of recruitment. For example, a post in Geography in Darjeeling Govt College must be mentioned as Asst Prof in Darjeeling Govt College to value GTA agreement.

Why No Volunteer Teachers? Yes to GTA Teacher Recruitment Board!

1. Not in spirit with Constitution: The Preamble to the Indian Constitution itself says “Equality of Status and of opportunity.” This means that every eligible candidate in GTA Area have right to apply for specified posts and that should be given equal job opportunity. Volunteer teachers being regularised would violate this provision.
2. Meaning of Volunteer Teachers: Volunteer teachers means those teachers who have voluntarily decided to render his services to any random school without a prior condition of regularisation.
3. Volunteer Teachers dont fit Subject Specification nor 100 point Ruster: Volunteer teachers by name itself means using as stop gap fillers. Therefore, neither School Managing committee nor DI Office look into their academic specifications and maintain 100 point ruster necessitated in govt institutions. Therefore, categories like Unreserved, OBC, SC,ST etc are not valued.
4. Opening Pandoras Box In Rest of Bengal: There are thousands of para teachers in the rest of Bengal who are put in a salary slab with one time appointment sometime in 2006-07 with provision of continued service of 60 years, salary slab and scope of salary every 3 years as well as post termination of that teacher on service switch. However, such para teachers don’t affect the normal or additional vacancies in schools. Regularisation of volunteer teachers would require para teachers to be regularised too.
5. Hill SSC blocked by erstwhile DGHC revoked: When Hill SSC was first implemented in DGHC in 1999 , the erstwhile Chairman Subhash Ghising blocked by citing linguistic minority provision in Rules and Regulations of SSC . However, the teachers who passed 1999 Hill SSC challenged the decision in Calcutta High Court and were able overturn the decision of Subash Ghising in 2007-2008. Therefore, this may have way for Hill SSC.
6. Ethics and Moralities: Teachers ,unlike characters portrayed in Bollywood movies as geeks, are often role models for young kids whom they look upon to shape themselves. As such teacher must have self-esteem, pride, and good character to be a perfect role model. This makes indispensable to have teachers coming through proper examination followed by interview.
7. Let us End Dalal Culture: The volunteer teachers inevitable have to request political leaders and parties for regularisation. As this is being as dalal in such a Noble profession would further detail the Morales of the students who follow them. So, let’s us end dalal culture.
8. Please Stop the Rant of हाम्रै मुन्छेले त काम पायो के को खसखस? It’s often heard cry from commoners whose sons and daughters are working as volunteer teachers. However, closer examinations reveal that even under GTA Teacher recruitment board it requires one to be resident of GTA to be eligible for applying teaching job in GTA region. So, even with advertisement coming up in spirit of equal opportunity, it’s our own people getting job with provision of Nepali as one of the subjects in 10th standard as is case for recruitment in Bengali School in the schools of West Bengal.

Conclusions and Suggestions:

The following can be done in accordance with GTA Act 2012, MoU and present volunteer teachers.

1. Volunteers teachers be placed on the status of para Teachers with pay band , with provision of continued service until 60 years and subsequent terminal benefits and post termination on switching jobs.
2. The New GTA Teacher Recruitment Board be constituted with experts and people of untarnished image. Here, rules and regulations be framed. All eligible candidates can apply and so do volunteer teachers from GTA region.
3. Recruitment of Technical and General Degree College be locally prioritised: As per GTA act and MoU, there’s provision for GTA to actively participate in recruitment process. Therefore, the GTA Sabha must prioritise local recruitment in Higher education colleges, both general degree and technical colleges.
4. Frame Own Syllabus In GTA: GTA Sabha must be able to frame it’s own primary and High School curriculum because Darjeeling Hills is education hub of Northeastern India. As such commoners deserve best of education. Whereas present WBBSE, WBCHSE curriculum are designed based on whole of Bengal whose majority of population live in villages whereas Darjeeling has literary rate almost 100%. As such our kids deserves better education.

[Although Author is a diehard supporter of Gorkhaland , he is of opinion that any institution within proposed Gorkhaland statehood region must function democratically within framework of Acts passed by respective govt.]

Writes: Nahakul Chettri

The post Analysing Education in Darjeeling Hills (GTA) under the preview of GTA Act 2012 appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

This therefore brings to us the question- is the absence or presence of GJM and Bimal Gurung and the numerous ‘absconding’ youths concomitant to the demand of Gorkhaland. It is time we think, reflect and be more reflexive. The voice demanding Gorkhaland has been systematically silenced with the assistance received from certain section of our society. The people who still believe in our goal are being ridiculed in all sphere of our everyday existence and are also subjected to atrocities from the police. Our region has become one where threat and intimidation has become a new normal. GNLF has gone back to its deceptive ways of doing politics. They are pushing the demand of sixth Schedule from the back door. They could have taken forward the demand of Gorkhaland but they choose to settle their political scores to the extent of one of its leaders saying that they will not allow Bimal Gurung to return to the hills. This is the political state of affairs that we are witnessing today. Had they chosen to lend their voice to the aspiration of the people their past misdeed- of completely dropping the demand of Gorkhaland-would probably have been forgiven and more importantly they could have emerged as a strong alternative to GJM. But their acute lack of political statesmanship was visible when their leaders said that PhD were available in the narrow lanes of Kadamtala. This statement only made him look like a fool rather than a leader. CPRM though sincere (I sincerely hope they are) does not enjoy the resources needed to lead a movement. They do not have people with them. Others are there only for the namesake.  

BJP on the other hand does not seem to be very serious regarding the promises it had made to GJM on its sankalpatra. Till now nothing points to the fact that they will sympathetically consider the long pending demands of people of Darjeeling hills, Tarai and Dooars.  Otherwise the President of Darjeeling District BJP would not have declared that they will field their own candidates for the three Legislative Assembly seats of Darjeeling. Are we therefore on the cusp of losing Gorkhaland, if not then who is demanding and fighting for it?

This situation brings us to the point do we need Bimal Gurung back in the hills? The local media houses have in their own unique manner and ways already put the last nail in the coffin. They have delivered their verdict. They are only engaging in cultural reproduction. No one expects objectivity from the individual journalists but yes it is expected in the ways and manners they collect news, but they seem to have their own predicaments to analyse and broadcast true and objective news.

The demand for Gorkhaland, whether one agrees or not- I think, hinges on the Bimal Gurung. If the demand is to be sustained (there is no guarantee of its achievement) he has to come to the hills and do  politics. He stills enjoys support from the majority of the people. All those who have ‘absconded’ have sacrificed a lot. Some have not been able to light the pyre of their mothers and fathers. They have not been able attend their sick mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters. They have not had the opportunity to be with their families. Everything they had has been seized by the state. What more do they need to sacrifice to show their loyalty and honesty towards the movement and demand. They deserve to be back among their people, their loved ones and do politics. People should respect their sacrifices and welcome them to resurrect our movement. Bimal’s absence and the lack of agency among the others have made it clear that he symbolises Gorkhaland and should return to the hills as soon as possible and keep alive the hopes of millions of Gorkhas.

You can read the author’s blog here.

The post Where is Gorkhaland? Who is Fighting for it? appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

Life in Kalimpong town on Saturday, the haat day of the week, despite the prohibitory orders as envisaged under 144 CrPC having been clamped as early as the evening of Friday, was perfectly normal. Rather, deceptive enough to instill in the people a false sense of security and assurance that the third programme the following day would be a repeat-bonanza of the ’72 hour bandh’ in middle May. An immature leadership of the Chief Convener, GNLF, Kalimpong was apparently showing in his failure to stick to the directives of the Central Command. An over-doze of valor and ambition, when discretion should have prevailed.

What the people in their ignorance failed to notice in the evident behavior and gesture of the rifle-toting CRP jawans were their open hostility and cock-sureness to do something drastic that was dripping all over all the place. The dead-pan expression accentuated by the American G.I.s type helmet to match their dark somber faces, while they patrolled their rounds, were all too ominous. This time they were determined to display their expertise. Everything, when added up, pointed to one single fact that they had standing orders to shoot on the slightest provocation.

The tragic event that unfolded itself in the afternoon of Sunday left little doubt as to how meticulously and painstakingly the entire gamut of massacre and manslaughter had been thought out and planned that was finally executed to ghastly perfection. In real Communist style.

Little wonder, the D.I.G. (C.I.D.), West Bengal, had been assigned to the task of conducting the whole operation. Perhaps, the ‘Operation Red Star’ in the Marxist terminology.

The psychological climate in which the entire plan seems to have been hatched may be traced to a basic human weakness. An overdose of misguided ambition. “But for his ambition, I slew him.” So said Brutus when Caesar lay slain by his own friends, Roman, and countrymen.

Mr. Binoy Chowdhury, the then acting West Bengal Chief Minister, was overambitious to establish his right of accession to the chair he temporarily occupied by mobilizing every bit of power his august office made available to him so that his multi-pronged action on all fronts would come as the final Coup de Grace delivered to completely uproot the G.N.L.F. movement in the Hills. As if Mr. Jyoti Basu, the Chief Minister, apparently failed to do just that. Mr. Buta Singh, the Union Home Minister, seemed to agree with Mr. Chowdhury. He agreed to furnish eight companies of CRP jawans to boost the sagging morale of the West Bengal administration…

As a matter of fact, the very imposition of 144 CrPC with everything it implied, to discourage the protest-demonstration was an act of flagrant violation denying the Constitutional rights of the people.

The very basics of the Fundamental Rights were trampled underfoot when prohibitory orders to silence the voice of the people was clamped in the pretence of maintaining law and order.

If unchallenged and unprovoked, the demonstrators would have assembled at the Mela Ground, as usual, to burn the copies of the said Articles of the treaty. Perhaps, the majority did not even know the implication of the act – the burning of the copies. That the people of the hills were so naïve and ignorant may be indicated by the fact, that when the curfew was clamped on the 26th of July, beginning from 6.00 p.m. the previous evening, many villagers were coming to town to see what the Curfew was like. They had to be sent back home by the sympathetic Army personnel. And then, as usual, the platform would have been adorned by the same run-of-the-mill bunch of Soap-box orators to blabber away their proto-typed and very often self-contradictory speeches, by now repeated umpteenth times – in the midst of thunderous clapping that sometimes would have little connection to the orator’s off-the-beat renderings.

If I remember right, in the last meeting held on the 19th of July, 1986, a group from the far corner of the eastern portion of the stadium suddenly clapped away when a lady-speaker was emotionally recounting the tragic drama of shooting in Kurseong on 25th May, 1986. That was perhaps the anti-climax of the day. At its worst, there would have been a slogan shouting of Ghising Zindabad with gusto and enthusiasm, and the crowd would have dispersed, ready to go home, thoroughly elated…

There was no stopping the people once they decided to go ahead with the programme, scheduled to be held on the Mela Ground. Slowly but surely, the town began to be thronged, at first by curious crowds of onlookers, who came in small groups to loiter around the town aimlessly, but with keen eyes to watch the mood and attitude of the patrolling CRP jawans.

As the tempo of outpouring mass began to swell, by now marching with determined steps and a sense of purpose; by 11.00 a.m., the patrolling jawans were virtually on edge, their innards tightening to a hardball. The expected inevitable just seemed around the corner.

As the hands of the clock struck 11.40 a.m. the town witnessed the first spurt of action when the jawans made the first charge of the day on a couple of isolated groups of students. About twelve in number were arrested and put under police custody. The arrest was made in the vicinity of the Kalimpong P.S. Another group of about twenty-five young boys and girls coming from the upper Cart Road were confronted by the CRP jawans in a bid to disperse the girls. The boys were apprehended and locked behind the hajat. By now the inside accommodation of the Police Station was almost filled to overflowing with boys confronted and arrested.

The spell of high noon saw the ominous panorama of converging columns of humanity from the far-flung outskirts of Greater Kalimpong – the outlying villages and small settlements like Lava, Algarah, Pedong and even those tiny villages scattered all along the Lava-Gorubathan road. Platoons of CRP jawans had already been kept posted at several key points to stem the inflow of the marching column of the crowd to prevent them from entering the heart of the town – the Mela Ground, the targeted venue.

By 1.20 p.m., this particular column of men, women, both old and young, and boys and girls of the age group of twelve to fifteen years had reached the intersection point of Rishi Road and R.C.Mintri Road, just beyond the Power House. They had been debarred by a cordon of rifle-toting jawans from entering the town premises…

The first blood of the day was drawn at about 1.15 p.m. when the CRP jawans intercepted the upcoming marchers from the 7th Mile, an earmarked area, on their way to town. The CRP jawans tried to disperse the crowd by throwing canisters, which attempt was foiled. The subsequent action on the part of the CRP jawans that followed was rather drastic and unexpected. They came out blazing with their guns that resulted in seven casualties. Two girls had their right thighs almost torn away; another, her ankle badly wounded…

Thus, the premier opening show of the first act of the ‘Bloody Drama’ had been made. The venue was the length of the Rishi Road between the Engine Ghar and the bend nearly two hundred feet down the road just above the Custom Office. The first shooting that started here brought most of the big-wigs to the scene of the firing, leaving the Head Quarters situated at the main junction to the charge of minor officials. At that very moment, the marching columns of demonstrators, the biggest and the loudest, made its sweeping thrust, coming as they were from the Bong areas via the East-Main Road, down the Ongden Road that, running parallel to the Mela Ground below, leads on to the Motor Stand. From the Motor Stand, the head of the procession made a stab for the R.C.Mintri Road, straight ahead, for God alone knows, why, as the proposed plan had been to assemble on the Mela Ground for the said programme.

It must be mentioned here that maximum effort had been directed to thwart and prevent the entry of the demonstrators into the Mela Ground. In other words, the display of the mass-protest on the Mela Ground was a forbidden act that would be dealt with utmost severity. All the four entry-points into the Motor Stand and then on to the Mela Ground had been completely sealed off by rifle-toting CRP jawans, with rifles held menacingly in their hands. Therefore, all earlier efforts by a smaller column to make a breakthrough had been foiled. Some, perhaps, did not dare. In their excitement, the marchers suddenly made their way straight ahead towards the R.C.Mintry Road that heads east through the lower portion of the town to join the Rishi Road, that runs parallel to it through the upper portion of the town, just beyond the Fire Brigade complex located at 10th Mile…

As the mighty column of demonstrators, snowballing as it forged ahead along the R.C. Mintri road (they were coming on) connects the Rishi Road to form a three-way junction. The CRP jawans who had been holding back the marchers from Algarah-Pedong-Lava (mentioned earlier), were taken aback by this sudden turn of event. However, discretion prevailed as they were hopelessly outnumbered by a column of more volatile marchers. No shooting took place at this point, as the marchers, though emotionally super-charged, were perfectly disciplined, their faculties intact. As this massive column of marchers made a U-turn to make a return journey via Rishi Road to the town, the protest-marchers pinned down at the junction also joined them to make an outrageously long procession column nearly a mile long.

As the head of this mighty procession reached the central junction of the town in the vicinity of the Central Bank and the Gompu’s (Hotel), the words of earlier firing, the first shooting spree of the CRP jawans in the premises of ‘Engine Dara’, leaked out to the emotionally-charged crowd of demonstrators. It was at this point, as hinted earlier, destiny intervened once again to divert the courses of the marchers from its intended destination, the Mela Ground. Instead of making a ninety degree left-turn, the head of the column forged straight ahead through the Main Road towards the Police Station about one thousand feet ahead. An instinctive reaction in response to the earlier shooting.

And at that very quivering moment of fateful decision, the tiny dot of time so infinitesimally brief, many a young people in the very prime of their youth, had reached a point of no return. They had already, as fate decreed, crossed the threshold – the ‘Laxman Rekha’ beyond which these brave young ones had a tryst with death.

When the tormented head of the emotionally-charged column of demonstrators shot ahead with shouts of ‘Jai Gorkha’, about fifteen to twenty CRP jawans, with rifles held ready to shoot and all standing in a single file across the Main Road began to retreat in their futile bid to stave off the advancing mob.

However, it must be particularly mentioned here that except for the attempt to forge ahead, not one single attack had so far been made on the CRP jawans, despite the earlier shooting, and despite the provocative display of hardwares by the CRP jawans almost on edge. Display of guns would not cow down or frighten the Gorkhas, once they believed that their demand was constitutionally right and viable, and that their aspiration to seek for themselves a place in the sun was perfectly human as fully envisaged in the Charter of Human Rights by the UNO. Let us not forget that.

Just when the head of the procession reached the junction just in front of the Police Station, a hail of stones of sizes big enough to be conveniently thrown, began to greet the advancing marchers. The stones came from the direction of the General Post Office building ahead, and from the second floor of the Boral Mansion directly above. Now, whoever masterminded the strategy of provocative incitement had its desired result in full measure. Thoroughly provoked, and at the end of their dither, the angry mob started pelting the CRP jawans with the same stones in retaliation.

This was the opening that the trigger-happy CRP jawans were looking for. No tear gas canisters were thrown, or any lathi-charge made to disperse the crowd. They simply came out shooting with the result that the Thana-junction area was littered with bodies of the dead and wounded. The people began to scatter and run in every possible direction…

Now with the shooting commenced at the junction of the P.S., the biggest tragedy of the day began to take shape, with the tail-end of the procession being somewhere far beyond the Kanchan Cinema area. The young people in procession now on the Main Road became the victims of cold-blooded murder, an uncalled for ‘Act’ that fully justifies the assumption of a ‘Jallianwalla Bagh’ repetition, as also endorsed by the position taken by the ‘CRP-Ambush-Squad’ mentioned earlier.

The Kalimpong Main Road, now made famous for the football team (always unpopular with the Kalimpong public for reasons unknown), it represents in the local tournament, particularly the tournament held in honor of the Independence Shield, suddenly became the ‘Valley of Death’ with buildings and houses towering on either side of it (Main Road) with narrow gullies and lanes in-between them.

Synchronizing with the firing up ahead at the Police Station area, a hail of bullets greeted the marchers entrapped on the Main Road. Those bullets were fired from the rifles of the CRP jawans, sitting in ambush on the house-tops on the left-hand side of the Main Road. It was a shooting spree they could have carried out blind-folded.

The Main Road suddenly became littered with the bodies of young boys and girls, all in their teens. Some of them had khukuri brandished in their delicate hands, and the slogan of ‘Jai Gorkha’ on their lips, as they went down with terrible head injuries sustained by the cold-blooded assassins’ bullets. They all died with their boots on…

As the shooting became intensified, at times quite at random, and utterly senseless, pandemonium broke loose, with panicked crowd running helter-skelter in every possible direction. This was the first and a most natural reaction to a situation the peace-loving hill-people have never had the occasion to confront with. But, by this time, the blood of the young men who saw with their own eyes the bloody massacre being committed by these CRP demons without the slightest regard for human life, began to rise to boiling point.

Suddenly, there was a wave of reprisal that burst forth on many a front. The head of one CRP demon rolled, the chopped head allegedly landed up-right with the helmet intact. The upturned moustache fluttered for a brief second that synchronized with the fluttering of the eye-lids, and the head was dead. The beheaded body ran for a short distance with blood gushing out and fell headlong (or shoulder long since the body had no head) in a dead-heap…

In their panic to get away from the bullets of the CRP jawans shooting from their ambush position, the crowd in an attempt to make their escape through the gullies and lanes down into the Ongden Road, were caught squarely by the CRP jawans standing at the end point of the lanes. Another shooting spree was going on here on the Ongden Road and its vicinity just above the Mela Ground, by a group of CRP braves. They were fortified by a small embankment provided by the sloping Ongden Road, with the approach road that branches out in a sharp U-turn leading to the Nehru Manch on the Mela Ground, and down to the Baghdhara Road further below. The funniest thing is that while you are shooting at point-blank range to the panicked, fleeing crowd, the shooters do not require a trench or, for that matter, an embankment for their own safety against counter-attack. ‘Were they fighting the enemies on the battle front?’

From the vantage point, the CRP jawans fired away at the fleeing mass in three different directions: one towards the Ongden Road leading to the Motor Stand; another towards the Nehru Manch and Baghdhara; and still another towards the head of Ongden road close to the Frontier Office.

Six dead bodies were recovered from under the overgrowth and weeds-covered slope that extends from the top of the Ongden Road in front of the Frontier Office down to Baghdhara, a natural source of spring (dhara) which has been running since time immemorial – a major source of water supply for a number of Municipal wards of the town. Until now, the attack on the CRP jawans had been confined to the act of hitting back in direct retaliation on the spur of the moment, to what those brave, dying women were meted out – the fatal bullet wound that killed them. In fact, the yellow streak inherent in those trigger-happy CRP jawans began to spill over the moment women, old and young, began to resist and fight back tooth-and-nail as shown by the examples cited on the foregoing pages; the final spurt of do-or-die attack with khukuris and a stout heart by the young Gorkhas that finally subdued the killers to a whimpering dog…

Until now, the attack on the CRP jawans had been confined to the act of hitting back in direct retaliation on the spur of the moment, to what those brave, dying women were meted out – the fatal bullet wound that killed them. In fact, the yellow streak inherent in those trigger-happy CRP jawans began to spill over the moment women, old and young, began to resist and fight back tooth-and-nail as shown by the examples cited on the foregoing pages; the final spurt of do-or-die attack with khukuris and a stout heart by the young Gorkhas that finally subdued the killers to a whimpering dog…

The first attack, perhaps a deliberate one, was made on the D.I.G., and the circumstances leading to this unfortunate happening is, indeed, baffling. The whole thing, the entire gamut is shrouded in mystery. The episode as it happened is deeply regretted. According to informed sources (and there are many with as many versions), the alleged attack was made while the D.I.G. was standing on the verandah of the Frontier Office, busy talking over the walkie-talkie, while in the midst of violent commotion and confusion of shooting and running, that were going around in the vicinity of the Kalimpong P.S. The alleged attack was made with a kukri, a number of assaults, as they say, by a single attacker; and the attacker, without being captured or shot at, simply dissolved into the crowd.

It was, perhaps, destiny again that masterminded the strangest drama of the day. How else can the episode be explained – the entire gamut of sequence from the first sudden attack, attack going unimpeded, and the final vanishing act. As if the whole thing was a carefully constructed plot, which it definitely was not. After all, the D.I.G., as the head of the entire operation and the proceedings of the day, must have had his personal security guards, letting aside other officials like the SDO, SDPO, and the CRP commandant. He could not have be standing there all alone, speaking over the walkie-talkie to his girlfriend! …

As the wounded DIG was being rushed to the Military Hospital, two jeeps full of CRP jawans that followed the DIG’s jeep ahead were shooting away at random as the jeep carrying there were running at a break-neck speed. It must be truthfully mentioned here that no single bullet hit a human target though the road between the Municipality building and the Kalimpong PS was almost choked with masses of people gripped in varying degrees of emotional trauma as the three jeeps shot through the crowd in their way to the Military Hospital.

By 4.00 p.m., the tide of cold-blooded violence perpetrated by the CRP jawans began to ebb, as groups of young men mounted their counter-attack over a wide area. One young man, Sri Subodh Subba, a Black Belt in karate, went down fighting bare-handed in an attempt to save young children in the age group of 6 to 8 years, when CRP’s rifle bullets began to whistle past in the vicinity of the Central Bank and Gompu’s. His karate attack laid out three jawans while the fourth jawan shot Shri Subba through his left eye blowing off the back of his head as the bullet propelled out through the other side leaving a gory, gapring hole in the back of his head…

Suddenly, to these young men, death lost its terrifying meaning – that stamp of utter finality which all mortals dread. Instead, it was normal, inevitable fact of life to be accepted, even embraced bravely, as their fallen friends and comrades had done before them the same day. Almost blinded by tears in their eyes, these young men with naked kukris in their hands, went on a rampage that left many CRP jawans mortally wounded and felled; many of them making hasty retreat to find shelter in the safety of private homes.

By 4.45 p.m., the retaliation was so complete that not one single shot was fired by the now whimpering CRP jawans on the battle-charged Gorkhas completely gone berserk. The attack on the CRP jawans were immediately withdrawn, once their rifles became silent. Right in front of the rifle-toting CRP jawans, four state buses were set on fire and pushed down into the ditch. Totally subdued and demoralized, the entire rank and file of the CRP jawans with rifles in their trembling hands, stood witness to the entire carnage of destruction. At that moment, if they had done some shooting to prevent the destruction of public properties, that was the time to do it, when their action would have been fully justified. What a travesty of human failure, indeed!!!

The general consensus of the media reporting on the shooting that took place on the 27th July, reflects the same old run-of-the-mill types of a fracas that our brave CRP jawans normally involved in the cities of this sub-continent. For instance, “There was a communal riot in such and such place, that led to the senseless killings, the burning of shops and destruction of public properties. Then the CRP jawans intervened by first using tear-gas canisters followed by lathi charges. Then the inevitable happened – the shooting and the ruthless killings.”

By 5.30 p.m., the ugly mob of battle-charged young Gorkhas became almost uncontrollable, with platoons of CRP jawans completely subdued and tamed even with rifles, the Army had to be called in to restore the fast deteriorating law and order situation in the town. As the clock struck six, the Army jawans in their battle-dress took over from the Police Station point to spread out over the town in systematic, machine-like precision. But as the Army jawans took over the situation in hand, their systematic presence all over the key points of disturbances was one of security and reassurance that all was well. The unconcerned looks that were almost friendly and understanding, as they patrolled the town area exuded confidence and hope that almost renewed our faith in the institution we had always believed in. with the advent of the Army jawans in the panic-torn town of Kalimpong, the Centre, with its message of the government of the people, by the people and for the people had, at last, intervened.

This short narrative would be incomplete without mentioning the stellar role played by that section and category of humanity in which love and compassion for the fellow-beings in distress almost inevitably rouse in them their inborn capacity to rise to the occasion to serve them, irrespective of the circumstances and situation that might summon them to their calling…

In spite of the Curfew clamped since 6.00 p.m. on the evening of the 27th, groups of self-appointed volunteers took up in respective duties in the hospital. Emergency funds were raised (there was no dearth of contributions) to meet the expenses for medicines, special food, vitamin, and tonics required for the wounded. No stones were left unturned to forge a bond of comradeship amongst volunteers who stood to the respective posts assigned to them so that the injured and the suffering kith and kin could feel a deep sense of security in the selfless service of those wonderful young people who rendered it.

The spirit of sacrifice displayed in the face of personal risk and danger, when those wonderful people went about their job of collecting the wounded; the selfless service of those volunteers who tended to the needs of the sick and the sufferings in the hospital are glimpses of sparks divine in man that help to revive and restore one’s faith in the goodness of human race.

Mr. Jyoti Basu, the Hon’ble Chief Minister of West Bengal, in his leaner days as a rising Communist leader had the courage to tell Mr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, the then Chief Minister, as well as a towering personality of the time, that the hill district of Darjeeling had all the makings for the grant and award of statehood. That was way back in 1955. But as a towering figure himself now in today’s Bengal holding the august office of the Chief Minister, Mr. Jyoti Basu lacks the courage to accept and implement what he himself propounded – the honorable fulfillment of the very cause he so courageously championed in favor of the people of the hills of Darjeeling some three decades ago…

Resigned to their fate and yet with smiling faces, the Gorkhas of Darjeeling Hills have endured with saintly patience everything that was dished out to them, without a whimper.

But the ominous handwriting on the wall which appeared with the expulsion of more than ten thousand Gorkhas from Meghalaya, who were driven out right across the borders of two states, Assam and West Bengal, and dumped across Kakari Bhitta in Nepal. As act committed in flagrant violation of the text of the 7th Article of the Indo-Nepal Treaty of 1950. It just went down the drain. And the Nepal government took the beating without a whimper. And again the slogan that ‘Assam for Assamese’, and the ‘Punjab for Punjabis’ and not even the Hindu Punjabis began to be heard in rising crescendo, the Gorkhas residing in India seemed to have got the message. Now, all we want is the acceptance in spirit and deed, the identity of the Gorkhas as an entity standing at par, vis-à-vis their Indian counterparts in a country we so dearly loved and served.

And, what’s wrong with that utterly human aspiration?!!!

Today, there is a big question – as large as life itself – that looms uppermost in the mind of each Gorkha who has been living in India since generations: Should the Gorkhas living in India as domiciled second rate citizens are asked to shed their blood on the battlefront and die for India?

The end!!

TheDC editorial note: The Kalimpong Massacre is a pivotal moment in the history of Darjeeling, and literally marks the day when our beautiful, peaceful, silent, and tolerant hills lost its innocence. The anger which was given birth on July 27th, 1986… ended up engulfing all of the hills, Terai and Dooars. Thousands of youth lost their lives, thousands of mothers lost their sons and daughters, thousands of wives became widows and thousands of children became orphans.

The ensuing Gorkhaland Andolan and the betrayal by Subash Ghising and later by Bimal Gurung has left over a million Gorkhalis angry and frustrated.

Will we ever get justice? will we ever find an equitable place in our great nation?

Perhaps the answer lies in us – each of us, and it will serve us well if we strive for Gorkhaland together, instead of blindly following a particular politician.

We salute the spirit of our martyrs, for it is their sacrifice, that continues to inspire us to strive for a better-brighter future.

Jai Gorkha, Jai Gorkhaland!!

An account of the July 27th, 1986 massacre, recorded by Mr. B Khaling and later reproduced in an online magazine – Cafe Dissensus. We are thankful to the Magazine for giving us permission to re-produce the amazingly vivid and heartbreaking narrative, which changed the destiny and people of Darjeeling forever.

The post Gorkhaland and The Kalimpong Massacre – July 27th, 1986 appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

Kurseong N F Railway Printing Press has a glorious history, not many are aware of it. Suprakash Lama a second-generation railway employee of the N.F. Railway Press, acquaint us with this amazing heritage of ours.

The word history comes from Greek historia, meaning the study of the process of social changes, a continuous, systematic, narrative of past events as relating to particular people, period, investigation, inquiry, and research, account description, written accounts of past events.

India has a long history of printing presses. India’s first printing press was set up as early as in 1674. But James Hicky, the first man introduced Printing press in India in 1780. Printing press allows us to share large amounts of information quickly. In fact, a printing press is so significant that it has come to be known as one of the most important inventions of our time. It drastically changed the way society evolved.

With the new era of development of printing presses in India, the British Government aspired and rendered a sagacious decree to establish a printing press at  Darjeeling in the first half of the 20th century, it has given the priority to be entitled the name of the printing press as Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Press which was administered by Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Co. Ltd. But after a few years of its establishment, owing to some in specified inexorable situation the D.H. Railway press was repositioned to Kurseong.

Assam Railway Link Project was formally launched on 8th November 1947. Eventually, Assam Railway Link Project too had headquarters in Kurseong.

With reference to Notification No. 36 which appeared in the Extra-ordinary Gazette No. 8A dated the 25^th August 1948 and Notification No.37 which appeared in the Gazette No. 9 of dated the 3rd September 1948 whereby Darjeeling Himalayan Railway owned by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Company Ltd., and Darjeeling Himalayan Extension Co. Ltd., were purchased by the Government of India on October 20, 1948, in order to integrate a section of it to the Assam Railway Link Project. Thus the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway press, Kurseong was also governed by the Indian Government.

Extract a significant column of the memorandum submitted to the then Railway Minister late Lal Bahadur Shashtri on this unique occasion of his first-ever visit to this magnificent and picturesque Himalayan frontier on the 9th October’1953 and where exists the remnants of the wonderful Tin-pot railway, a class by itself without a parallel in any part of the globe.

“The printing press of the N. E. Railway at Kurseong is being extended for which a certain number of employees would be required. We earnestly urge to make  the recruitment  locally through the Darjeeling Employment Exchange in view of the fact that unemployment problem is acute in the district and here is a climate prevails which best suits only the local people under which there can be greater output than is expected from people imported from outside.”

The birth of the Northeast Frontier Railway Zone on January 15, 1958, vide Railway Board Report,1956 – 57, was, without doubt, the most momentous event in the history of railway development. First Pandu and little later the Northeast Frontier Railway complex at Maligaon has become its headquarters. In the same historical moment of railways, Darjeeling Himalayan Press, Kurseong was also amalgamated in Northeast Frontier Railway Zone and it was assigned the name as Northeast Frontier Railway Printing Press, Kurseong. Nowadays it is known as N. F. Railway Printing Press, Kurseong which is administered by the Govt. of India.

The Printing Press at Kurseong under the administration of N. F. Railway Zone has been situated within Geographical Jurisdiction of “World Heritage” declared by UNESCO in the year of 1999.

Letter Press Printing was the form of printing at Kurseong Railway Press since its beginning.  Letterpress printing was the normal form of text from its invention by Johannes Guttenberg in the mid-15^th century until the 19^th century and remained in wide use for books and other uses until the second half of 20^th century.

This century-old N. F. Railway Printing Press, Kurseong has had the potential for catering all the needs of N. F. Railway very successfully, it was vastly responsible for printing bulk of materials like books, forms, money-value –items i.e. Railway passes and other authentic railway documents throughout the year for entire five divisions of N.F. Railway which consists of Katihar Division, Alipurduar Division, Rangiya Division, Lumding Division and Dibrugarh Division and had also been serving 469 railway stations by catering all types of requisitions most successfully.

The development and the changes are the natural phenomenon.

With the introduction of the new era of latest printing technology, privatization as well as globalization, a new scenario came into existence. By 2005 off-set and digital printing were widely used printing techniques.

The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the scientific revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.

Privatization was a global trend in the late 1980s and early 1990s to reform the loss-making and inefficient public sector enterprises. Globalization was the process of integration and interaction among governments of different nations through agreements. As such, among the governments of developing countries like India, there was a hurry to adopt the new policy for the entire development of its nation. This process has effects on the environment, political systems as well as propriety and the welfare in societies around the world.

Consent to the new policy the government has to change its standing policy such as, the priority has to given to efficiency by upgrading them to get the flourishing bias in near future, it has to accept the extreme decision i.e. stoppage of new recruitment, for the time being, minimizing the staff strength, introduction of New Pension Scheme etc.

Likewise, the phased merger/closure of in-house Printing Presses has become the first prey of government vide Bd’s L/No.2008/RS(Ptg.)/Rev.Com./Action.plan, New Delhi, dt. 17.05.2013.

Board’s letter dated 30.1.2009, as per Para  1.0 of Annexure ‘A’ under reference, that Ticket Printing Press/Garden Reach/SER, Kurseong/NFR & Gorakhpur/NER required to merged with ER & NR by 31.3,2013.

When it was learnt from a reliable source about the arbitrary order issued by the Railway Board for the merger of the Ticket Printing Section/Kurseong, N. F. Railway with the other Railways, the  All India Railway Men’s Federation, New Delhi along with the N. F. Railway Mazdoor Union, Kurseong agitated and gave its representation vide L/No.MU/C/KGN dt.06.06.2013 against the Rly. Board’s letter No.2008/RS(Ptg)/Rev.com/Action Plan dated 17.05.2013. The federation demanded that for the organizational interest of harmonious industrial relation, this move should be stalled and KGN Press should be allowed to continue its activities as usual.

But the decision of the government has remained dogmatic and again issued Rly. Board’s L/No.2016/RS(M)DGS &D/GeM, New Delhi, dated 04.10.2017 and Board’s draft letter No.2018/RS(G)/164/8/CA-iii A. for the closure of 09 printing presses including the N. F. Railway Printing Press, Kurseong with a timeline of 06 months. Again this organization had requested the government vide it’s L/NO.NFR/MU/Misc./Kurseong dated 15.06.2018 for the continuation of this press.

In this respect, All India Railway Men’s Federation, New Delhi again had given the representation to the Ministry of Railway vide L/No. AIRF/36 dated 16.07.2018 for its continuation.

Unfortunately, the final office order No.S/KGN/P&S/EM/84 dt. 23.07.2018 had been circulated and as per the Rly. Board’s L/No.2018/RS/Ptg.& Stny/AP/PP/IR dt. 2^nd July 2018 and the order issued vide L/No..S/ET/84/G/17/KGN/EM ft. 18.07.18 of PCMM/MLG’s office, Kurseong Printing Press will be closed w .e. from 31.07.2018.

Redeployment of surplus staff of Kurseong Printing Press vide GM(P)/MLG’s letter No.E/348/MISC/KGN Printing press dt.16.11.2018 has circulated to the staff accordingly. The destiny and fortune of staff of N. F. Railway Printing Press, Kurseong would be contingent on their aspiration and optimism.

Eventually, the long unforgettable hundred year’s historical journey of N. F. Railway Printing Press, Kurseong has come to an end(?). The history has its own character and contribution, discovery, invention, creation of this universe has also its own defined chronicle which archives, abides or persevere for a long long time.

The great luminaries like Napoleon Bonaparte, Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi, Saint (Mother) Teresa and Mandela left behind them unforgettable archaic fame of history, it remains as history as always ever.

“History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon”, Napoleon Bonaparte.

Writes: Suprakash Lama. The author of this article retired as a second-generation railway employee of the N.F. Rly Press, Kurseong. His late father Nar Bahadur Lama joined the DHR Press (as NFR Press was called then), in 1/6/1926 and rose to be the Press-In-Charge in 1/6/1946 and then Press Supervisor in 20/8/1948. He was the first Gorkha to hold the posts.

Editorial Note: Govt of India in 2019 decided that Kurseong Railway Press will be turned into a Museum.

The post Kurseong N. F. Railway Printing Press – The Untold History appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

Among the various paltans that participated in the war for Bangladesh liberation, the Gorkhas have stood out through their unparalleled bravery, sheer grit and determination, and won the platitude of laurels in not just India, but across the world.

Highlighting three major battles that the Gorkhas fought and won….

VIJAY DIWAS: 5/11 GORKHA RIFLES – BOGRA THE BATTLE OF HILLI OR THE BATTLE OF BOGRA

Among the Gorkhas, the Fighting Fifth 5/11 GR won for themselves the Battle honour “BOGRA” for itself. In fact the battle honour Bogra and theater honour East Pakistan was bestowed to the 5th only.

In the Indo – Pakistani war of 1971 the 5th battalion was instrumental in liberating Bangladesh, In the operations of East Pakistan, the 5th had secured the Bogra town for 20 mountain division, in one of the most daring operations Lt Teja Bedi and his Gorkha troops had single-handedly captured the headquarters along with the Commanding Officer and RMO of the prestigious Baloch Regiment of East Pakistan.

The regimental flag of 52 Baloch Regiment is still HUNG UPSIDE DOWN in the officer’s mess of the 5th and is one of their prized possession.

Vijay Diwas and 4/5 Gorkha Rifles: The Battle Fought With Only Khukuris

One great initial battle of the war fought at Atgram to break the outer crust of Pakistani defences in the East opposite Sylhet sector needs revisiting. The battalion tasked was 4/5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force) which went on to capture Gazipur and eventually single-handedly took the surrender of the Sylhet garrison.

Not before and not since has any battalion launched a full scale assault employing just the Khukuri and guile alone. After getting their orders, by 5am the fierce Khukuri assault had silenced Pakistani Maj Alvi’s Bravo Company. In the mopping up, nearly 45 bodies were found scattered around the main position.

The heroes of this silent battle were Rifleman Dil Bahadur Chhetri, whose Khukuri accounted for eight Pakistan soldiers, and was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra; Rifleman Phas Bahadur Pun and 2nd Lieutenant Hawa Singh received posthumously, the Vir Chakra; and Captain Pravin Johry (posthumously) and Subedar Teerth Bahadur Gurung won the Sena Medal

4/5 GORKHA RIFLES (FRONTIER FORCE) – OPERATION OF SYLHET GORKHAS

The 4/5 Gorkhas were not to be left behind and were the 1st Indian troops to mount a Heliborne operations.

On a conservative estimate, the Heliborne Operation of Sylhet Gorkhas [4/5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)] made it possible for Indian Army and Mukhti Bahini to reach Dhaka much earlier than planned; at least by 8 days.

On the 16th, when the surrender ceremony was going on at Dhaka, Sylhet Gorkhas were celebrating with a toast, in honour of three fold success of the Battalion:

• First Ever Successful Heliborne Operation of Indian Army, which tied the two brigades from the 7th to the 15th of December.
• Surrender of two Pakistani Brigades (202 and 313) on 15th December 1971.
• First major surrender to own forces in the Eastern Theatre.

But the fourth larger toast, unknown to them at that time, was reserved for surrender at Dhaka, which was thought unattainable.

For ‘Early Dhaka Surrender’ was made possible by Sylhet Gorkhas tying down the Pakistani Meghna River Brigade (313), in addition to 202 Pak Infantry Brigade at Sylhet from the 7th to the 15th.

However, the degree of valour and contribution to the early creation of free Bangladesh, credit also goes to the men of the Sylhet Gorkhas, but not without a price. The cost of glory over the 27 days (20th November to 16th December) was not meager.

Thirty one (4 Officers, 3 Junior Commissioned Officers, 7 Non-Commissioned Officers and 17 Riflemen) sacrificed their lives. Ironically one officer (Major Puri) and one Rifleman (Rifleman Kanta Bir Thapa) were injured during the 1965 War also, but this time they sacrificed their lives.

Another 122 (7 Officers, 2 Junior Commissioned Officers, 32 Non- Commissioned Officers and 81 Riflemen) were injured. A total of 153 casualties, including 11 Officers, constituted nearly 25 percent of the Battalion strength, out of which 55 were leaders at different levels (Officers, Junior Commissioned Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers); nearly 8 percent of the Battalion strength. This was the leadership and lead provided by Company, Platoon and Section Commanders.

Sylhet is the Battle Honour of The Sylhet Gorkhas and East Pakistan as Theatre Honour and nobody can deny that Heliborne Operations by Sylhet Gorkhas lead to early surrender at Dhaka in December 1971.

We SALUTE the bravery of our troops, and today as we celebrate Vijay Diwas we celebrate the great legacy of our Gorkha soldiers.

While others may forget – WE REMEMBER!!

The post On Vijay Diwas: Remembering Our Gorkha Legends appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

Hence, we are presenting an account of the July 27th 1986 massacre, recorded by a Mr. Khaling and later reproduced in an online magazine – Cafe Dissensus We are thankful to the Magazine for giving us the permission to re-produce the amazingly vivid and heart breaking narrative, which changed the destiny and people of Darjeeling forever.

Note from Cafe Dissensus editor:

This is a meager effort at framing Mr. Khaling’s eye-witness account of the brutal killing of innocent Gorkhas on 27 July, 1986, at the peak of Gorkhaland agitation. The protesting hill people had gathered at the Kalimpong Mela Ground to burn copies of the 7th article in the Indo-Nepal Treaty of 1950. On the instruction of the then Communist government of West Bengal, the CRPF started shooting at the marchers, leading to the death of innocent people.

I came across Mr. Khaling’s tattered booklet accidentally in the library of Kurseong College, where I was teaching. While I found the account heart-rending, I was not sure if many knew about the existence of this account.

I happened to edit the Kurseong College magazine, Orchids, in 2006. And I decided to reproduce part of Mr. Khaling’s account in the magazine. Even though the Darjeeling hills were going through a leadership crisis at the time, with Mr. Subhash Ghising (I had an opportunity to meet him once in his office in Darjeeling. Accompanied by the Kurseong MLA, I met him to request for funding for a conference that I was organizing at the college. Personally, I found him to be a soft-spoken and charming man. He funded the conference very generously and gave almost as much money as the UGC had sanctioned for the conference.) booted out of the hills, there was no sign of an active agitation for a state. I left Kurseong College in 2007 and the second wave of agitation for statehood started the very next year.

Despite there not being an immediate context for the publication of this account, I felt the younger generation of college-going Gorkhas must read this account to form a clearer idea of what exactly happened that day. Of course, they must have heard about the shooting and killing, which has become part of the popular lore in the hills.

Since it was not possible to reproduce the whole account, I abridged the booklet. We are reproducing Mr. Khaling’s account here from Orchids, and not directly from the booklet, to which I have no access at the moment.

Finally, as the saying goes, “those who forget history are condemned to repeat it”. This account is a reminder of what form the excesses of state-power can take in violently suppressing popular movements. However ugly the past is, we must revisit it, not to repeat the same mistake in the future. – Mosarrap Hossain Khan, co-editor, Café Dissensus.

PREFACE

“The events described on the pages of this book are real, as real as the characters who played their parts. Not one single character is fictitious – except, perhaps for his or her identity which cannot be pinpointed. The dead and injured on both sides excepted. After all, the arena was not a ring or stadium with limited boundaries, where the contest was between Muhammad Ali and Joe Fraser; or a final game between Argentina and West Germany for the world soccer. The characters involved in the killings on both sides can never be pin-pointed and identical.”
B. Khaling

27^th of July 1986

The date was 27th of July, 1986. It was a grey Sunday with high clouds and occasional gusty burst of wind and rain, as the dawn broke into broad day-light, with a promise of fairly good weather all through the day. If there was any tension in the air, nobody bothered to smell it. As on any other Sundays, there was enough time for everyone to seep and enjoy a few extra cups of tea before leaving the bed. In fact, there was a sense of jubilation, a touch of festive mood – a common weakness shared by the fun-loving Gorkhas of the Hills – as everyone looked forward to the moment of the day scheduled for the performance of the rites, in which the copies of the 7th article in the Indo-Nepal Treaty of 1950, would be consigned to the flames as a token of mass-protest against the very spirit and the implication of the text of the said Treaty that stands to condemn us, in the very words of the former Prime Minister, Mr. Morarji Desai, as foreigners living on the Indian soil since and as of 1950 to enjoy the token benefits as accrued from the said Treaty. The auspicious moment selected for the observance of the rites was fixed at 2.30 P.M. The venue – Kalimpong Mela Ground.

Life in Kalimpong town on Saturday, the haat day of the week, despite the prohibitory orders as envisaged under 144 CrPC having been clamped as early as the evening of Friday, was perfectly normal. Rather, deceptive enough to instill in the people a false sense of security and assurance that the third programme the following day would be a repeat-bonanza of the ’72 hour bandh’ in middle May. An immature leadership of the Chief Convener, GNLF, Kalimpong was apparently showing in his failure to stick to the directives of the Central Command. An over-doze of valor and ambition, when discretion should have prevailed.

What the people in their ignorance failed to notice in the evident behavior and gesture of the rifle-toting CRP jawans were their open hostility and cock-sureness to do something drastic that was dripping all over all the place. The dead-pan expression accentuated by the American G.I.s type helmet to match their dark somber faces, while they patrolled their rounds, were all too ominous. This time they were determined to display their expertise. Everything when added up pointed to one single fact that they had standing orders to shoot on the slightest provocation.

The tragic event that unfolded itself in the afternoon of Sunday left little doubt as to how meticulously and painstakingly the entire gamut of massacre and manslaughter had been thought out and planned that was finally executed to ghastly perfection. In real Communist style.

Little wonder, the D.I.G. (C.I.D.), West Bengal, had been assigned to the task of conducting the whole operation. Perhaps, the ‘Operation Red Star’ in the Marxist terminology.

The psychological climate in which the entire plan seems to have been hatched may be traced to a basic human weakness. An overdose of misguided ambition. “But for his ambition, I slew him.” So said Brutus when Caesar lay slain by his own friends, Roman and countrymen.

Mr. Binoy Chowdhury, the then acting West Bengal Chief Minister, was overambitious to establish his right of accession to the chair he temporarily occupied by mobilizing every bit of power his august office made available to him so that his multi-pronged action on all fronts would come as the final Coup de Grace delivered to completely uproot the G.N.L.F. movement in the Hills. As if Mr. Jyoti Basu, the Chief Minister, apparently failed to do just that. Mr. Buta Singh, the Union Home Minister, seemed to agree with Mr. Chowdhury. He agreed to furnish eight companies of CRP jawans to boost the sagging morale of the West Bengal administration…

As a matter of fact, the very imposition of 144 CrPC with everything it implied, to discourage the protest-demonstration was an act of flagrant violation denying the Constitutional rights of the people.

The very basics of the Fundamental Rights were trampled underfoot, when prohibitory orders to silence the voice of the people was clamped in pretence of maintaining law and order.

Those innocents

If unchallenged and unprovoked, the demonstrators would have assembled at the Mela Ground, as usual, to burn the copies of the said Articles of the treaty. Perhaps, the majority did not even know the implication of the act – the burning of the copies. That the people of the hills were so naïve and ignorant may be indicated by the fact, that when the curfew was clamped on the 26th of July, beginning since 6.00 p.m. the previous evening, many villagers were coming to town to see what the Curfew was like. They had to be sent back home by the sympathetic Army personnel. And then, as usual, the platform would have been adorned by the same run-of-the-mill bunch of Soap-box orators to blabber away their proto-typed and very often self-contradictory speeches, by now repeated umpteenth times – in the midst of thunderous clapping that sometimes would have little connection to the orator’s off-the-beat renderings.

If I remember right, in the last meeting held on the 19th of July, 1986, a group from the far corner of the eastern portion of the stadium suddenly clapped away when a lady-speaker was emotionally recounting the tragic drama of shooting in Kurseong on 25th May, 1986. That was perhaps the anti-climax of the day. At its worst, there would have been slogan shouting of Ghising Zindabad with gusto and enthusiasm, and the crowd would have dispersed, ready to go home, thoroughly elated…

There was no stopping the people once they decided to go ahead with the programme, scheduled to be held on the Mela Ground. Slowly but surely, the town began to be thronged, at first by curious crowds of onlookers, who came in small groups to loiter around the town aimlessly, but with keen eyes to watch the mood and attitude of the patrolling CRP jawans.

As the tempo of outpouring mass began to swell, by now marching with determined steps and a sense of purpose; by 11.00 a.m., the patrolling jawans were virtually on edge, their innards tightening to a hard ball. The expected inevitable just seemed around the corner.

Cold Blooded Murder of Innocent Civilians

As the hands of the clock struck 11.40 a.m. the town witnessed the first spurt of action when the jawans made the first charge of the day on the couple of isolated groups of students. About twelve in number were arrested and put under police custody. The arrest was made in the vicinity of the Kalimpong P.S. Another group of about twenty five young boys and girls coming from the upper Cart Road were confronted by the CRP jawans in a bid to disperse the girls. The boys were apprehended and locked behind the hajat. By now the inside accommodation of the Police Station was almost filled to overflowing with boys confronted and arrested.

The spell of high noon saw the ominous panorama of converging columns of humanity from the far-flung outskirts of Greater Kalimpong – the outlying villages and small settlements like Lava, Algarah, Pedong and even those tiny villages scattered all along the Lava-Gorubathan road. Platoons of CRP jawans had already been kept posted at several key point to stem the inflow of the marching column of crowd to prevent them from entering the heart of the town – the Mela Ground, the targeted venue.

By 1.20 p.m., this particular column of men, women, both old and young, and boys and girls of the age group of twelve to fifteen years had reached the intersection point of Rishi Road and R.C.Mintri Road, just beyond the Power House. They had been debarred by a cordon of rifle-toting jawans from entering the town premises…

The first blood of the day was drawn at about 1.15 p.m. when the CRP jawans intercepted the upcoming marchers from the 7th Mile, an earmarked area, on their way to town. The CRP jawans tried to disperse the crowd by throwing canisters, which attempt was foiled. The subsequent action on the part of the CRP jawans that followed was rather drastic and unexpected. They came out blazing with their guns that resulted in seven casualties. Two girls had their right thighs almost torn away; another, her ankle badly wounded…

Thus, the premier opening show of the first act of the ‘Bloody Drama’ had been made. The venue was the length of the Rishi Road between the Engine Ghar and the bend nearly two hundred feet down the road just above the Custom Office. The first shooting that started here brought most of the big-wigs to the scene of the firing, leaving the Head Quarters situated at the main junction to the charge of minor officials. At that very moment, the marching columns of demonstrators, the biggest and the loudest, made its sweeping thrust, coming as they were from the Bong areas via the East-Main Road, down the Ongden Road that, running parallel to the Mela Ground below, leads on to the Motor Stand. From the Motor Stand, the head of the procession made a stab for the R.C.Mintri Road, straight ahead, for God alone knows, why, as the proposed plan had been to assemble on the Mela Ground for the said programme.

It must be mentioned here that maximum effort had been directed to thwart and prevent the entry of the demonstrators into the Mela Ground. In other words, the display of the mass-protest on the Mela Ground was a forbidden act that would be dealt with utmost severity. All the four entry-points into the Motor Stand and then on to the Mela Ground had been completely sealed off by rifle-toting CRP jawans, with rifles held menacingly in their hands. Therefore, all earlier efforts by a smaller column to make a breakthrough had been foiled. Some, perhaps, did not dare. In their excitement, the marchers suddenly made their way straight ahead towards the R.C.Mintry Road that heads east through the lower portion of the town to join the Rishi Road, that runs parallel to it through the upper portion of the town, just beyond the Fire Brigade complex located at 10th Mile…

As the mighty column of demonstrators, snowballing as it forged ahead along the R.C. Mintri road (they were coming on) connects the Rishi Road to form a three-way junction. The CRP jawans who had been holding back the marchers from Algarah-Pedong-Lava (mentioned earlier), were taken aback by this sudden turn of event. However, discretion prevailed as they were hopelessly outnumbered by a column of more volatile marchers. No shooting took place at this point, as the marchers, though emotionally super-charged, were perfectly disciplined, their faculties intact. As this massive column of marchers made a U-turn to make a return journey via Rishi Road to the town, the protest-marchers pinned down at the junction also joined them to make an outrageously long procession column nearly a mile long.

Crossing the Laxman Rekha

As the head of this mighty procession reached the central junction of the town in the vicinity of the Central Bank and the Gompu’s (Hotel), the words of earlier firing, the first shooting spree of the CRP jawans in the premises of ‘Engine Dara’, leaked out to the emotionally-charged crowd of demonstrators. It was at this point, as hinted earlier, destiny intervened once again to divert the courses of the marchers from its intended destination, the Mela Ground. Instead of making a ninety degree left-turn, the head of the column forged straight ahead through the Main Road towards the Police Station about one thousand feet ahead. An instinctive reaction in response to the earlier shooting.

And at that very quivering moment of fateful decision, the tiny dot of time so infinitesimally brief, many a young people in the very prime of their youth, had reached a point of no return. They had already, as fate decreed, crossed the threshold – the ‘Laxman Rekha’ beyond which these brave young ones had a tryst with death.

When the tormented head of the emotionally-charged column of demonstrators shot ahead with shouts of ‘Jai Gorkha’, about fifteen to twenty CRP jawans, with rifles held ready to shoot and all standing in a single file across the Main Road began to retreat in their futile bid to stave off the advancing mob.

However, it must be particularly mentioned here that except for the attempt to forge ahead, not one single attack had so far been made on the CRP jawans, despite the earlier shooting, and despite the provocative display of hardwares by the CRP jawans almost on edge. Display of guns would not cow down or frighten the Gorkhas, once they believed that their demand was constitutionally right and viable, and that their aspiration to seek for themselves a place in the sun was perfectly human as fully envisaged in the Charter of Human Rights by the UNO. Let us not forget that.

Just when the head of the procession reached the junction just in front of the Police Station, a hail of stones of sizes big enough to be conveniently thrown, began to greet the advancing marchers. The stones came from the direction of the General Post Office building ahead, and from the second floor of the Boral Mansion directly above. Now, whoever masterminded the strategy of provocative incitement had its desired result in full measure. Thoroughly provoked, and at the end of their dither, the angry mob started pelting the CRP jawans with the same stones in retaliation.

This was the opening that the trigger-happy CRP jawans were looking for. No tear gas canisters were thrown, or any lathi-charge made to disperse the crowd. They simply came out shooting with the result that the Thana-junction area was littered with bodies of the dead and wounded. The people began to scatter and run in every possible direction…

Jallianwalla Bagh Repeated

Now with the shooting commenced at the junction of the Police Station, the biggest tragedy of the day began to take shape, with the tail-end of the procession being somewhere far beyond the Kanchan Cinema area. The young people in procession now on the Main Road became the victims of cold-blooded murder, an uncalled for ‘Act’ that fully justifies the assumption of a ‘Jallianwalla Bagh’ repetition, as also endorsed by the position taken by the ‘CRP-Ambush-Squad’ mentioned earlier.

The Kalimpong Main Road, now made famous for the football team (always unpopular with the Kalimpong public for reasons unknown), it represents in the local tournament, particularly the tournament held in honor of the Independence Shield, suddenly became the ‘Valley of Death’ with buildings and houses towering on either side of it (Main Road) with narrow gullies and lanes in-between them.

Synchronizing with the firing up ahead at the Police Station area, a hail of bullets greeted the marchers entrapped on the Main Road. Those bullets were fired from the rifles of the CRP jawans, sitting in ambush on the house-tops on the left-hand side of the Main Road. It was a shooting spree they could have carried out blind-folded.

The Main Road suddenly became littered with the bodies of young boys and girls, all in their teens. Some of them had khukuri brandished in their delicate hands, and the slogan of ‘Jai Gorkha’ on their lips, as they went down with terrible head injuries sustained by the cold-blooded assassins’ bullets. They all died with their boots on…

As the shooting became intensified, at times quite at random, and utterly senseless, pandemonium broke loose, with panicked crowd running helter-skelter in every possible direction. This was the first and a most natural reaction to a situation the peace-loving hill-people have never had the occasion to confront with. But, by this time, the blood of the young men who saw with their own eyes the bloody massacre being committed by these CRP demons without the slightest regard for human life, began to rise to boiling point.

Wave of Reprisal

Suddenly, there was a wave of reprisal that burst forth on many a front. The head of one CRP demon rolled, the chopped head allegedly landed up-right with the helmet intact. The upturned moustache fluttered for a brief second that synchronized with the fluttering of the eye-lids, and the head was dead. The beheaded body ran for a short distance with blood gushing out and fell headlong (or shoulder long since the body had no head) in a dead-heap…

In their panic to get away from the bullets of the CRP jawans shooting from their ambush position, the crowd in an attempt to make their escape through the gullies and lanes down into the Ongden Road, were caught squarely by the CRP jawans standing at the end point of the lanes. Another shooting spree was going on here on the Ongden Road and its vicinity just above the Mela Ground, by a group of CRP braves. They were fortified by a small embankment provided by the sloping Ongden Road, with the approach road that branches out in a sharp U-turn leading to the Nehru Manch on the Mela Ground, and down to the Baghdhara Road further below. The funniest thing is that while you are shooting at point-blank range to the panicked, fleeing crowd, the shooters do not require a trench or, for that matter, an embankment for their own safety against counter-attack. ‘Were they fighting the enemies on the battle front?’

From the vantage point, the CRP jawans fired away at the fleeing mass in three different directions: one towards the Ongden Road leading to the Motor Stand; another towards the Nehru Manch and Baghdhara; and still another towards the head of Ongden road close to the Frontier Office.

Six dead bodies were recovered from under the overgrowth and weeds-covered slope that extends from the top of the Ongden Road in front of the Frontier Office down to Baghdhara, a natural source of spring (dhara) which has been running since time immemorial – a major source of water supply for a number of Municipal wards of the town. Until now, the attack on the CRP jawans had been confined to the act of hitting back in direct retaliation on the spur of the moment, to what those brave, dying women were meted out – the fatal bullet wound that killed them. In fact, the yellow streak inherent in those trigger-happy CRP jawans began to spill over the moment women, old and young, began to resist and fight back tooth-and-nail as shown by the examples cited on the foregoing pages; the final spurt of do-or-die attack with khukuris and a stout heart by the young Gorkhas that finally subdued the killers to a whimpering dog…

Until now, the attack on the CRP jawans had been confined to the act of hitting back in direct retaliation on the spur of the moment, to what those brave, dying women were meted out – the fatal bullet wound that killed them. In fact, the yellow streak inherent in those trigger-happy CRP

jawans began to spill over the moment women, old and young, began to resist and fight back tooth-and-nail as shown by the examples cited on the foregoing pages; the final spurt of do-or-die attack with khukuris and a stout heart by the young Gorkhas that finally subdued the killers to a whimpering dog…

The first attack, perhaps a deliberate one, was made on the D.I.G., and the circumstances leading to this unfortunate happening is, indeed, baffling. The whole thing, the entire gamut is shrouded in mystery. The episode as it happened is deeply regretted. According to informed sources (and there are many with as many versions), the alleged attack was made while the D.I.G. was standing on the verandah of the Frontier Office, busy talking over the walkie-talkie, while in the midst of violent commotion and confusion of shooting and running, that were going around in the vicinity of the Kalimpong P.S. The alleged attack was made with a kukri, a number of assaults, as they say, by a single attacker; and the attacker, without being captured or shot at, simply dissolved into the crowd.

 The Vanishing Act

It was, perhaps, destiny again that masterminded the strangest drama of the day. How else can the episode be explained – the entire gamut of sequence from the first sudden attack, attack going unimpeded, and the final vanishing act. As if the whole thing was a carefully constructed plot, which it definitely was not. After all, the D.I.G., as the head of the entire operation and the proceedings of the day, must have had his personal security guards, letting aside other officials like the SDO, SDPO, and the CRP commandant. He could not have be standing there all alone, speaking over the walkie-talkie to his girlfriend! …

As the wounded DIG was being rushed to the Military Hospital, two jeepful of CRP jawans that followed the DIG’s jeep ahead, were shooting away at random as the jeep carrying there were running at a break-neck speed. It must be truthfully mentioned here that no single bullet hit a human target though the road between the Municipality building and the Kalimpong PS was almost choked with masses of people gripped in varying degree of emotional trauma as the three jeeps shot through the crowd in their way to the Military Hospital.

Counter Terrorism – Gorkha Style

By 4.00 p.m., the tide of cold-blooded violence perpetrated by the CRP jawans began to ebb, as groups of young men mounted their counter-attack over a wide area. One young man, Sri Salim Subba, a Black Belt in karate, went down fighting bare-handed in an attempt to save young children in the age group of 6 to 8 years, when CRP’s rifle bullets began to whistle past in the vicinity of the Central Bank and Gompu’s. His karate attack laid out three jawans while the fourth jawan shot Shri Subba through his left eye blowing off the back of his head as the bullet propelled out through the other side leaving a gory, gapring hole in the back of his head…

Suddenly, to these young men, death lost its terrifying meaning – that stamp of utter finality which all mortals dread. Instead, it was normal, inevitable fact of life to be accepted, even embraced bravely, as their fallen friends and comrades had done before them the same day. Almost blinded by tears in their eyes, these young men with naked kukris in their hands, went on a rampage that left many CRP jawans mortally wounded and felled; many of them making hasty retreat to find shelter in the safety of private homes.

By 4.45 p.m., the retaliation was so complete that not one single shot was fired by the now whimpering CRP jawans on the battle-charged Gorkhas completely gone berserk. The attack on the CRP jawans were immediately withdrawn, once their rifles became silent. Right in front of the rifle-toting CRP jawans, four state buses were set on fire and pushed down into the ditch. Totally subdued and demoralized, the entire rank and file of the CRP jawans with rifles in their trembling hands, stood witness to the entire carnage of destruction. At that moment, if they had done some shooting to prevent the destruction of public properties, that was the time to do it, when their action would have been fully justified. What a travesty of human failure, indeed!!!

Sold Out Media

The general consensus of the media reporting on the shooting that took place on the 27th July, reflects the same old run-of-the-mill types of fracas that our brave CRP jawans normally involved in the cities of this sub-continent. For instance, “There was a communal riot in such and such place, that led to the senseless killings, the burning of shops and destruction of public properties. Then the CRP jawans intervened by first using tear-gas canisters followed by lathi charges. Then the inevitable happened – the shooting and the ruthless killings.”

27th July Saheed Diwas – Army to the rescue

By 5.30 p.m., the ugly mob of battle-charged young Gorkhas became almost uncontrollable, with platoons of CRP jawans completely subdued and tamed even with rifles, the Army had to be called in to restore the fast deteriorating law and order situation in the town. As the clock struck six, the Army jawans in their battle-dress took over from the Police Station point to spread out over the town in systematic, machine-like precision. But as the Army jawans took over the situation in hand, their systematic presence all over the key points of disturbances was, one of security and reassurance that all was well. The unconcerned looks that were almost friendly and understanding, as they patrolled the town area exduded confidence and hope that almost renewed our faith in the institution we had always believed in. with the advent of the Army jawans in the panic-torn town of Kalimpong, the Centre, with its message of the government of the people, by the people and for the people had, at last, intervened.

This short narrative would be incomplete without mentioning the stellar role played by that section and category of humanity in which love and compassion for the fellow-beings in distress almost inevitably rouse in them their inborn capacity to rise to the occasion to serve them, irrespective of the circumstances and situation that might summon them to their calling…

In spite of the Curfew clamped since 6.00 p.m. in the evening of the 27th, groups of self-appointed volunteers took up in respective duties in the hospital. Emergency funds were raised (there was no dearth of contributions) to the meet the expenses for medicines, special food, vitamin and tonics required for the wounded. No stones were left unturned to forge a bond of comradeship amongst volunteers who stood to the respective posts assigned to them, so that the injured and the suffering kith and kin could feel a deep sense of security in the selfless service of those wonderful young people who rendered it.

The spirit of sacrifice displayed in the face of personal risk and danger, when those wonderful people went about their job of collecting the wounded; the selfless service of those volunteers who tended to the needs of the sick and the sufferings in the hospital are glimpses of sparks divine in man that help to revive and restore one’s faith in the goodness of human race.

The Dim Jyoti

Mr. Jyoti Basu, the Ho’ble Chief Minister of West Bengal, in his leaner days as a rising Communist leader had the courage to tell Mr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, the then Chief Minister, as well as a towering personality of the time, that the hill district of Darjeeling had all the makings for the grant and award of statehood. That was way back in 1955. But as a towering figure himself now in today’s Bengal holding the august office of the Chief Minister, Mr. Jyoti Basu lacks the courage to accept and implement what he himself propounded – the honorable fulfillment of the very cause he so courageously championed in favor of the people of the hills of Darjeeling some three decades ago…

Gorkhaland, Saheed Diwas and Beyond

Resigned to their fate and yet with smiling faces, the Gorkhas of Darjeeling Hills have endured with saintly patience everything that was dished out to them, without a whimper.

But the ominous handwriting on the wall which appeared with the expulsion of more than ten thousand Gorkhas from Meghalaya, who were driven out right across the borders of two states, Assam and West Bengal, and dumped across Kakari Bhitta in Nepal. As act committed in flagrant violation of the text of the 7th Article of the Indo-Nepal Treaty of 1950. It just went down the drain. And the Nepal government took the beating without a whimper. And again the slogan that ‘Assam for Assamese’, and the ‘Punjab for Punjabis’ and not even the Hindu Punjabis began to be heard in rising crescendo, the Gorkhas residing in India seemed to have got the message. Now, all we want is the acceptance in spirit and deed, the identity of the Gorkhas as an entity standing at par, vis-à-vis their Indian counterparts in a country we so dearly loved and served.

And, what’s wrong with that utterly human aspiration?!!!

Today, there is a big question – as large as life itself – that looms uppermost in the mind of each Gorkha who has been living in India since generations: Should the Gorkhas living in India as domiciled second rate citizens be asked to shed their blood on the battle front and die for India?

The end!!

TheDC editorial note – 27th July Saheed Diwas

The Kalimpong Massacre is a pivotal moment in the history of Darjeeling, and literally marks the day when our beautiful, peaceful, silent and tolerant hills lost its innocence. The anger which was given birth on July 27th, 1986… ended up engulfing all of the hills, Terai and Dooars. Thousands of youth lost their lives, thousands of mothers lost their sons and daughters, thousands of wives became widows and thousands of children became orphans.

Will we ever get justice? will we ever find an equitable place in our great nation?

Perhaps the answer lies in us – each of us, and it will serve us well if we strive for Gorkhaland together.

We salute the spirit of our martyrs, for it is their sacrifice, that continues to inspire us to strive for a better-brighter future.

Jai Gorkha, Jai Gorkhaland!!

The post 27th JULY 1986 – Kalimpong Massacre and Saheed Diwas appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.

The blossoming of a flower – is that the only purpose in life? Sisal, doesn’t the wind have a right to blow? Have faith in the wind as well! You know what Sisal, why don’t you just accept the wind? You have also turned into an animal, having grown up in this animalistic society. For once…for once Sisal, just accepts ruin. Perhaps you won’t cry then…

Do you love me?

What a meaningless question…My love is not enough, is it?

That means…you will marry me, right?

Listen, I will marry a man whom I have never seen before….And he has to be able to demonstrate his cruelty and savagery on the wedding night itself. If he attempts to understand my psychology, he will also be defeated, forever defeated. Do you not understand? I don’t believe in love!

Sisal!

I have accepted the necessity of marriage but I don’t believe in surrendering.

Sisal, is this your…

Yes, this is my only conclusion so far.

— An excerpt from Parijat’s Ek Kathin Niskarsha, published in Ruprekha

And this is also Parijat’s only conclusion so far.

“I’m not against marriage as long as there are mutual love and understanding. But I cannot submit myself. I cannot destroy my humanity; neither can I allow someone else to destroy it. To be completely honest, I despise the notion of offering one’s body. Perhaps this is because of my superiority complex.”

It is possible that this is due to her superiority complex. But it’s not that Parijat doesn’t want to get married at all. If someone with all the qualities she desires shows up she will consider marriage. In fact, there is someone in her life whom she considers to be “the one,” but the issue of marriage has been lingering for a while. Bhupi Sherchan, Madan Regmi and others have been associated with Parijat, but marriage is an altogether different ballgame; these men are friends only. And it’s possible that they do not have the qualities desired by Parijat.

“Life is worthless, but it can’t be ignored. What I think of life is– it’s certainly not a joyful experience; humans are born to suffer. Humans have to endure suffering at every stage. One can invent any excuse to survive but whatever excuse one makes, life is very sad; life is purposeless. Even after knowing this, I make several excuses to live and I am capable of making excuses. That’s why there is no point complaining either. So whatever happens, I quietly tolerate and let it be.” Sukanya and I have been listening to Parijat’s speech.

But her speech hasn’t ended yet– “I don’t think humans are inherently good. In comparison, I respect and love dogs equally because I have become disillusioned with humans.”

“Why…” I want to find out her complete reasoning behind this but Parijat interjects, perhaps having sensed my intention, “I have understood people very well, based on my own perspective. Because of our mental prowess and intelligence, we are capable of being extremely knowledgeable; and that’s how I encountered negative traits such as dishonesty and pride. Maybe that’s why there is disillusionment in me.” This is Parijat’s point of view and also Sisal’s attitude. Sakambari and Suyogbir [characters from her novel Sirishko Phool] have similar perspectives.

I ask, “Why have you mixed yourself with your characters in this way, Parijat-Ji? Why did you make each one of them your mouthpiece? Why did you turn Sirishko Phool, Ek Kathin Niskarsha and your poems into your life story?’’ My questions are not a reproach or a complaint, just sincere curiosity.

Sukanya has been embroidering a handkerchief. I am sitting by a window. And in the empty space between us, there is a floor-cushion on which Parijat is sitting.

“None of my work is my life story, but I did make Sisal, Sakambari and Suyogbir speak my thoughts. Basically, when it comes to life principles, I don’t find much difference between theirs and mine.” After saying this, Parijat becomes quiet. I also remain quiet but am thinking to myself, “There isn’t much difference in their daily lives either.”

And I remember Yevgeny Yevtushenko, who said, “If a poet divides herself into two parts– person and poet– then she will definitely murder her artistic self.” Perhaps this is the reason why Parijat hasn’t committed suicide yet. And perhaps Parijat will never commit suicide because I am hearing Parijat say it herself, “This is it for humans. I think this is all we know. And so I have accepted life the way it is and how it is. After all, what are humans anyway? And why should I obey them? I get mixed emotions and that’s why I don’t get too negative either. And so, I don’t want to die just like that.”

A boy enters Parijat’s room, carrying flowers. He knows that Parijat likes flowers. He also knows that this is why Parijat named herself after a flower (a flower that can only be picked after it has fallen, a flower that cannot be touched in its youth, a dead flower picked by Arjun and brought to Kunti so that she could worship Mahadev– that’s Parijat.)

Inside Parijat’s room, lotus and Sawada are arranged neatly on a table; the Parijat flower is not there. In fact, the flower is never placed inside any hotel or club for the decorative purpose; Parijat herself is never seen inside these venues. I know that Parijat doesn’t like to visit or frequent such places. It’s not that she cultivated these habits in the last three years; she was like that even before these three years.

Three years.

One instant. One moment. One era.

Parijat spent all that time inside one small room, like a prisoner. Prisoner of rheumatism. A tall wall at the end of a long street in front of the room– this is the limit of Parijat’s vision. The tall trees standing next to these tall Singha Durbar walls; the spring that graces these trees and the birds twittering and enjoying the spring. Happiness everywhere; delirious birds in flight; and Parijat’s imagination in flight, always in flight– in the form of poems, stories, novels and now as a one-act play.

A doctor comes regularly to check in on Parijat and Parijat regularly goes to Shanta Bhawan for check-ups. This sequence of back and forth continues; so does Parijat’s rheumatism. It’s a parallel progression. Time passes–one, two, three days, a month, a year and then three years.

Tears flow for Parijat.

Pity descends upon Parijat.

A petition gets registered for Parijat.

A team of representatives gets mobilized for Parijat.

The wheels keep turning, Parijat keeps on looking, listening to all this, can’t remain true to herself. Anger arises inside her, frustration increases and she gets bitter, towards herself and towards her sympathizers, because Parijat knows how cheap people’s tears are, how cheap ‘pity’ is, and in this way, how cheap everything is.

I have been looking out of Parijat’s window at the empty street. Sukanya’s handkerchief is not complete. And out of Parijat’s mouth, “It will be exactly three years this March since I have been shut inside a room. I can’t survive on pity and sympathy; that’s why I don’t want to advertise my inconvenience. I am unable to provide pity and sympathy to others as well. That’s why I deeply resent and reject the emotions thrown at me by the literary community. I have accepted my disease as part of my life.” This is how time has been passing.

“My younger sister Sukanya is mad after literature and nationalism and she takes my existence better than (sic) of her own. She loves me like anything. I, who hate parasitism in love and maintenance, am a real parasite of her…”[An excerpt from Parijat’s autobiography, written in English] I have been reading, and I reread it, this time in a clear voice so that people who might be listening can understand. And then I look at Parijat’s face. I sense gratitude. My eyes hover around and land on Sukanya’s face. Her face becomes red– a beautiful mixture of shyness and acknowledgement. I ask Parijat, “This is it?”

“No, apart from Sukanya, I am also grateful to Dayasingh Miss for letting me lengthen my life.”

“And maybe some others?’

“Yes, towards my own life and with my faithlessness with life.”

“Faithlessness…”

“Faith is an experience that has no identity. It might work only for cowards and for people who have no self-esteem. That’s why I don’t have faith in this thing called God. I don’t have faith in life either and I don’t believe in this notion of belonging to someone.”

“Parijat prefers philosophy to literature, right?”

Her response, “I am more of a literary person; philosophy is just a subject of interest but literature is my life.”

“How did that happen?”

“I started writing in order to remove a worry that was inside me…”

“And how did you start publishing?”

“When I was doing my Intermediate studies, Chittaranjan-Ji came to teach Sukanya. At that time, I had written two or three poems. Chittaranjan-ji saw them and said, “I like them, I will publish them.” He took the poems and later Dui Kabita got published in Dharti around 1957.

My response comes in the form of “Oh…” Then I start speaking, “Parijat-ji, how do you view literature these days?”

The answer I get is, “I consider literature a major part of civilization. A nation cannot develop without the development of literature. That’s why literature is an inseparable part of a nation.”

“How much do you trust yourself to develop literature?”

“I don’t trust myself at all when it comes to these things. In fact, I don’t trust the notion that ‘If I do it it’ll develop and if I don’t do it, it won’t develop.” I write readers read. And that’s the limit of my creative ambition. I haven’t thought beyond this.”

“How much have you thought about sex? Should there be a limit to sexual expression in literature? What do you think about this idea?” I try to explore Parijat inside out.

“As long as the writer is honest regarding sex while imagining the work. Sexual expression shouldn’t be vulgar or obscene.”

“To what extent…? Actually, what exactly is vulgarity and obscenity anyway?”

“It depends on the way words and language are used. If sex is described merely for arousal and entertainment, that’s vulgarity and obscenity. Literature shouldn’t be like that. But if the writer is very aware and the description regarding sex is sincere, then one can invent legitimate literature on sex. In fact, this is lacking in the literature, this necessity in life. It’s a problem.”

“That’s fine but sincerity! What kind of sincerity? Sincerity towards whom? Towards yourself? Towards society or towards that handful of readers?”

“Sincerity as in awareness; not towards society or readers but towards yourself.”

Parijat ’s mother passed away when she was a little girl. But her large and prosperous family filled the gap left behind by her mother to some extent. Even so, from a young age, Parijat has been inclined to solitude. Gradually, family members started dying; her father started worrying. His medical practice, once successful, started to diminish. His faithlessness towards life increased; the household’s wealth decreased. While growing up in this environment, Parijat’s tendency to seek solitude became even greater.

Her grandfather had moved from Chainpur to Darjeeling; the granddaughter moved from Darjeeling to Kathmandu. Along with her were her younger sister Sukanya and her father, who had cut himself off from everything in life. The sisters enrolled themselves for further studies. Sukanya went to National College, Parijat to Padma Kanya. Both of them graduated and both stepped forward, prepared to work hard and struggle in order to survive.

Over time, Parijat’s interest in religious texts deepened. Her study of Gita, Bible and Quran increased. Along with this growth in the study, Parijat’s faithlessness also increased and one-day Parijat declared, “Faith is an experience that has no identity.”

The flowers inside a vase close to Parijat’s bed have wilted. Sukanya is rearranging the bouquet brought by the boy earlier in the morning. These flowers are fresh; they are beautiful, an attempt to maintain meaning in Parijat’s life, just like the attempt made by Sirishko Phool.

I ask, “What do you think of Sirishko Phool?”

Sukanya lights a matchstick, Parijat blows out smoke, the smoke rises and colours the room.

Another puff of smoke escapes from Parijat’s mouth and so do these words, “There was no obligation for the philosophical ideas in Sirishko Phool to enter public life, but it did anyway. Now, there is that obligation. I’m proud of the fact that it shook traditional mindsets. I am also proud of Sirishko Phool for introducing an innovative way to write a novel in terms of language, style, plot and character presentation. I was already familiar with the idea that one ought to revolutionize novel-writing. Because no one has actually written a novel in Nepali. No one has the courage to write it, not even as much courage demonstrated by Suyogbir’s acceptance.”

Parijat continues to show her courage; Sukanya and I continue to listen. I have not been merely listening though; I also speak now and then, “Shankar Lamichhane’s preface to Sirishko Phool was controversial out there; do you agree with the preface?”

“I do. I had a wish to get Lamichhane-ji to write a preface to one of my novels, Uttam-ji. I got that wish fulfilled. Someone like Shankar Lamichhane tried to understand my sensibilities and wrote a thoughtful piece about me– that is a great honour. I also agree with his reasoning from a philosophical viewpoint.”

“What do you like writing the most– poems, stories or a novel?’

“Poems.”

“Whose work do you like?”

“I like poems written by Madan Regmi and Mohan Koirala. I also really enjoyed Bhupi’s poems, the ones he wrote when he was still dedicated to literature. When it comes to prose, I prefer Balkrishna Pokhrel, Shankar Lamichhane and Ramesh Bikal. Among those who are writing in innovative ways, I like Dhruba Chanda Gautam, Madan Regmi, and Prema Shah. The way Prema Shah presents her stories is comparable to any other internationally acclaimed writer.”

A cigarette gets lit again, smoke comes out of Parijat’s mouth again. Meanwhile, I resume reading, “I knew afterwards that she was a very beautiful woman who preferred to live behind the curtain with her family members and children, always fascinating the household affairs.” [An excerpt from Parijat’s autobiography, written in English]

This is a description of Parijat’s mother. Parijat’s description will also be similar. Gardening, embroidering, cooking, inviting people for meals – these are Parijat’s interests. She still pursues these interests, although infrequently, as long as her body lets her. Her mother had similar interests as well…And the daughter, just like her mother, is slender and beautiful. The smoke comes out again– this is Parijat’s current medium of entertainment. Actually, this is not the only way she entertains herself. She also enjoys chitchatting, going for picnics into the woods and listening to music.

The sun has been getting stronger in Putali Sadak. Buses and cars zoom past, in competition with each other; the chirping of birds softens. But my voice is clear, “In your opinion, what is your most successful work?”

Parijat’s voice is clearer than mine, “Actually, I haven’t been successful at anything. But in terms of comparative success, I like my story Tiuriko Phool, Paeeriyako Gandha and when it comes to poems, I like Lahurelai Rogi Premikako Patra, Mrityuko Angaloma and Nasodha Ae Ghau. When I read these, I feel like I am really on my way to becoming a writer.”

“What are you planning to write now?”

“If I live, I would like to write one more novel. These days, I write narratives for the radio – at least that covers my cigarette expenses.”

This is Parijat’s life story. No, let’s not call this her life story; this is just commentary. As Yevtushenko said it– “A poet’s autobiography is her poem. Apart from that, everything else is mere commentary.”

September 7, 1963

Parijat was a pen name chosen by the writer Bishnu Kumari Waiba. She was born in Darjeeling. She passed away on April 16, 1992, in Kathmandu at the age of 55. This is a translation by Niranjan Kunwar of an article from Uttam Kunwar’s anthology of interviews, Srasta ra Sahitya (Authors and Literature), published by the Uttam Kunwar Memorial Award Fund.

The featured images are part of The Public Life of Women, an exhibition borne out of the Feminist Memory Project, an ongoing archival project by Nepali Picture Library to re-build the untold histories of women of Nepal. The Public Life of Women is a part of Photo Kathmandu 2018 and will be shown between October 12 and November 16, 2018. These images and other artefacts related to Parijat will be displayed in the Nagbahal Community Health Service Center in Patan during the duration of the festival. For more information about the exhibition, and Photo Kathmandu 2018, please visit the festival website.

We are most grateful to The Record where this article was originally published, for giving us the kind permission to reproduce the same.

We request our readers to visit them at: https://www.recordnepal.com  They are doing a phenomenal job of recording, documenting and telling stories that are often ignored.

The post ‘I don’t have faith in this thing called God,’ Conversation with Parijat from 1963 appeared first on The Darjeeling Chronicle.