Trapped in the Feed: How Social Media Algorithms Influence Young Indians’ Thoughts and Feelings

Trapped in the Feed by Raunak Mukherjee explores the “doomscrolling” pheonomenon and how social-media algorithms are designed to keep you engaged

At 2 a. m. in a hostel room , a 22-year-old media student scrolls through Instagram Reels rather than study for his exam. The videos merge together; fitness influencers flaunting sculpted bodies, productivity gurus advocating “hustle culture,” and travel vloggers living lives very different from his. “I don’t even recall launching the app,” he remarked. “I simply wanted to respond to a message. “Two hours vanished. “

The student’s story is not unique. Across India, college students and young content producers find themselves caught in an infinite loop of swipes, likes, and comparisons. This phenomenon is driven by a strong but mostly invisible force: algorithmic curation, which determines what appears on our screens and what disappears silently.

As social media networks become vital to how young Indians communicate, study, and express themselves, researchers and mental health specialists are posing an important question: What does this continuous algorithmic filtering do to young minds?

The Science Behind the Scroll

Social media algorithms are basically recommendation engines. Platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook utilize data such as watch time, likes, comments, shares, and even pauses while scrolling to forecast which material will keep consumers interested the longest.

According to Meta’s openly published study on Instagram, content that promotes consistent engagement, notably emotional responses, is prioritised in users’ feeds. This implies that posts that elicit joy, envy, indignation, or aspiration are more likely to spread than neutral or informative content.

“The algorithm does not think in terms of well-being; it thinks in terms of engagement,” says Dr. Shubhangi Parkar, a psychiatrist and former director of mental health services at KEM Hospital in Mumbai. “And human psychology is especially susceptible to emotional ups and downs. “

Neuroscience research has discovered that unpredictable rewards, such as viral videos or sudden likes, increase dopamine release in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is linked to pleasure and motivation. This can lead to dopamine loops, in which people scroll continuously in anticipation of the next gratifying update.

Comparison Culture in the Age of Algorithms

Algorithm-based feeds may accentuate social comparison for Indian university students trying to negotiate identity, ambition, and relationships.

According to a 2023 research published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry, there is a significant link between heavy social media use and higher rates of anxiety, low self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction among urban youngsters. The impact was especially noticeable among young women and would-be influencers.

Algorithms exacerbate this comparison culture by constantly presenting users with content that is similar to what they already engage with, resulting in echo chambers of aspiration and inadequacy.

The psychological health costs of anxiety, burnout, and silence are significant.

While social media has fostered connection and creativity, the mental health implications are becoming increasingly difficult to ignore.

Meta’s own internal research, some of which was presented during US congressional hearings, admitted that Instagram might aggravate body image concerns in adolescent females. Mental health specialists in India describe comparable trends.

“We notice kids who have anxiety stemming from internet validation,” says Dr. Samir Parikh, Director of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences at Fortis Healthcare. “Likes and views become measures of self-worth. “

The pressure extends beyond the users. Content makers experience algorithmic uncertainty, never fully understanding why a post succeeds or fails. This lack of openness can cause burnout, sleep difficulties, and chronic stress.

“Creators are working for an unseen employer,” Dr. Parikh explains. “And that manager keeps changing the rules. “

Local context: Why young Indians are especially vulnerable.

India’s young population, over 65% are under the age of 35, together with inexpensive data and smartphone connectivity makes algorithm-driven platforms extremely powerful.

For many students in small towns, social media exposes them to worldwide cultures and possibilities. While inspiring, this exposure can also exacerbate feelings of inadequacy when personal circumstances do not align with algorithmic ideals.

According to sociologist Dr. Shilpa Phadke, “platforms frequently amplify dominant beauty standards, urban privilege, and consumer success. ” Marginalized voices find it difficult to compete unless they match algorithm choices. “

Can Technology Be Accountable as Well?

In response to increasing criticism, platforms have implemented tools such as “Take a Break” reminders, hidden like counts, and content warnings. However, professionals believe that these methods place responsibility on individuals rather than systems.

“Digital literacy must include algorithmic literacy,” according to Dr. Nimmi Rangaswamy, a Media Studies professor at IIIT-Bangalore. “Young people need to realize that what they see is curated, not unbiased reality. “

Some Indian institutions have started including digital well-being workshops into orientation programs, instructing students how to regulate screen time and critically assess internet information.

Towards Healthier Feeds.

As awareness grows, younger users are also fighting back. Many students report curating their own feeds by unfollowing stressful accounts, establishing screen-time restrictions, and seeking offline support.

“I still use Instagram,” Ayaan confesses, “but I mute accounts that make me feel awful about myself. It’s not ideal, but it helps. “

Experts emphasize that real change necessitates collaboration among tech companies, lawmakers, educators, and consumers.

“Algorithms influence behavior, but they are designed by humans,” Dr. Parkar points out. “Ethical design is no longer optional; it’s a public health concern. “

Conclusion: reclaiming agency in the feed.

Algorithms for social networking are not intrinsically harmful. They can link people, promote voices, and disseminate information. However, when participation becomes the sole measure of success, mental health hazards rise, particularly for young Indians negotiating important years.

Understanding how algorithms function is the first step toward gaining control. As consumers learn to question their feeds and demand accountability from platforms, the scroll may finally become a choice rather than a trap.

Writes: Raunak Mukherjee. He is a compelting his B A in Media and Journalism from Christ University, Bengaluru.

Sources and attribution.

• Meta (Instagram). Research Reports on Youth Engagement and Well-being.
• Indian Journal of Psychiatry (2023): Anxiety and Social Media Use in Indian Youth
• Interviews and expert opinion from Dr. Shubhangi Parkar, Dr. Samir Parikh, and Dr. Nimmi Rangaswamy.